16-23635618-T-C

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -3 ACMG points: 0P and 3B. BP4_ModerateBP6

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.928A>G(p.Ser310Gly) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000128 in 1,614,002 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 13/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00014 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PALB2
NM_024675.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:9B:3

Conservation

PhyloP100: 0.0580

Variant links:

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -3 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.087250054).

BP6

Variant 16-23635618-T-C is Benign according to our data. Variant chr16-23635618-T-C is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 128149.We mark this variant Likely_benign, oryginal submissions are: {Likely_benign=2, Benign=1, Uncertain_significance=7}. Variant chr16-23635618-T-C is described in Lovd as [Likely_benign].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4 link	c.928A>G	p.Ser310Gly	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2	Q86YC2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9 link	c.928A>G	p.Ser310Gly	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4		Q86YC2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152204

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000478

AC:

AN:

251176

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000589

AC XY:

AN XY:

135806

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000106

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000140

AC:

205

AN:

1461798

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000128

AC XY:

AN XY:

727190

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.000180

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000828

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152204

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

74370

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.000134

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000491

TwinsUK

AF:

0.00

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.000259

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000247

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.00

EpiControl

AF:

0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:9Benign:3

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast

Uncertain:3Benign:1

Jan 24, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces serine, which is neutral and polar, with glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 310 of the PALB2 protein (p.Ser310Gly). This variant is present in population databases (rs45561331, gnomAD 0.01%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with ovarian cancer, familial breast cancer (PMID: 17200668, 26315354). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 128149). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt PALB2 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. RNA analysis performed to evaluate the impact of this missense change on mRNA splicing indicates it does not significantly alter splicing (internal data). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

May 13, 2019

Leiden Open Variation Database

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: curation

Curators: Marc Tischkowitz, Arleen D. Auerbach. Submitter to LOVD: Marc Tischkowitz. -

Nov 30, 2017

Counsyl

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 31, 2023

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is considered likely benign. This variant is strongly associated with less severe personal and family histories of cancer, typical for individuals without pathogenic variants in this gene [PMID: 25085752]. -

not provided

Uncertain:2

Dec 20, 2023

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Observed in individuals with a personal or family history including breast, ovarian, and other cancers; however, it has also been observed in control populations (PMID: 25186627, 32546565, 26315354, 17200668, 29641532); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25186627, 26315354, 29641532, 17200668, 32546565, 19369211) -

Jan 23, 2020

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Benign:2

Nov 28, 2016

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Dec 12, 2022

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

not specified

Uncertain:1

Jan 31, 2021

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: PALB2 c.928A>G (p.Ser310Gly) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4.8e-05 in 251176 control chromosomes. This frequency is not significantly higher than expected for a pathogenic variant in PALB2 causing Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (4.8e-05 vs 0.00016), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.928A>G has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with breast cancer, serous ovarian cancer and unaffected controls (example, Rahman_2007, Ramus_2015, Tung_2015). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome or Fanconi Anemia. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. Seven clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation (VUS, n=6; Benign, n=1). Some submitters cite overlapping evidence utilized in the context of this evaluation. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

PALB2-related disorder

Uncertain:1

Feb 23, 2023

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The PALB2 c.928A>G variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Ser310Gly. This variant has been reported in an individual with breast cancer and an individual with melanoma (Table S3, Pritchard et al. 2018. PubMed ID: 29641532; Supplement, Tung et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 25186627). It has also been reported in cases and controls from an ovarian cancer cohort study (Ramus et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 26315354). This variant is reported in 0.011% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/16-23646939-T-C). It is interpreted as uncertain significance by the majority of submitters in ClinVar (https://preview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/128149/). At this time, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

Breast and/or ovarian cancer

Uncertain:1

Feb 25, 2022

CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Malignant tumor of breast

Uncertain:1

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

The PALB2 p.Ser310Gly variant was identified in 5 of 11880 proband chromosomes (frequency: 0.0004) from individuals or families with breast cancer or epithelial ovarian cancer and was present in 4 of 9030 control chromosomes (frequency: 0.0004) from healthy individuals (Rahman 2007, Ramus 2015, Tung 2015). The variant was also identified in dbSNP (ID: rs45561331) as "With Uncertain significance allele", ClinVar (classified as uncertain significance by Invitae, GeneDx, Ambry Genetics and Counsyl), MutDB, LOVD 3.0 (1x), and in the Zhejiang University Database (1x). The variant was not identified in Cosmic database. The variant was identified in control databases in 12 of 246074 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.00005 (Genome Aggregation Database Feb 27, 2017). The variant was observed in the following populations: European in 12 of 111596 chromosomes (freq: 0.0001), but not in the African, Other, Latino, Ashkenazi Jewish, East Asian, Finnish, and South Asian populations. The p.Ser310 residue is not conserved in mammals and computational analyses (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, AlignGVGD, BLOSUM, MutationTaster) do not suggest a high likelihood of impact to the protein; however, this information is not predictive enough to rule out pathogenicity. The variant occurs outside of the splicing consensus sequence and 3 of 4 in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer) predict a greater than 10% difference in splicing. However, this information is not predictive enough to assume pathogenicity. In summary, based on the above information the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time. This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.074

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.49

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.73

CADD

Benign

1.9

DANN

Uncertain

0.98

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.033

T;T

Eigen

Benign

-0.94

Eigen_PC

Benign

-1.0

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.092

LIST_S2

Benign

0.58

T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.021

MetaRNN

Benign

0.087

T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.0

MutationAssessor

Benign

0.81

.;L

PrimateAI

Benign

0.26

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.9

N;N

REVEL

Benign

0.034

Sift

Uncertain

0.015

D;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.024

D;T

Polyphen

0.0040

.;B

Vest4

0.10

MutPred

0.14

.;Loss of stability (P = 0.0461);

MVP

0.30

MPC

0.052

ClinPred

0.039

GERP RS

-2.2

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.0

Varity_R

0.078

gMVP

0.18

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.020

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over