21-31667298-G-C

Variant names:

• chr21-31667298-G-C
• rs121912437
• NM_000454.5:c.280G>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points: 19P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000454.5(SOD1):​c.280G>C​(p.Gly94Arg) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G94D) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: SOD1 NM_000454.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.94
• Publications: 25 publications found

Genes affected

SOD1 (HGNC:11179): (superoxide dismutase 1) The protein encoded by this gene binds copper and zinc ions and is one of two isozymes responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals in the body. The encoded isozyme is a soluble cytoplasmic protein, acting as a homodimer to convert naturally-occuring but harmful superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The other isozyme is a mitochondrial protein. In addition, this protein contains an antimicrobial peptide that displays antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-MRSA activity against E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus, S. aureus MRSA LPV+, S. agalactiae, and yeast C. krusei. Mutations in this gene have been implicated as causes of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rare transcript variants have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

SOD1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: ClinGen, Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• spastic tetraplegia and axial hypotonia, progressive

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ENSG00000273271 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 15 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 5 uncertain in NM_000454.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr21-31667299-G-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 1072003.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 96 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 0 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.83817 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 1.2198 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spastic tetraplegia and axial hypotonia, progressive.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.99
• PP5: Variant 21-31667298-G-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr21-31667298-G-C is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 14784.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
SOD1	NM_000454.5	c.280G>C	p.Gly94Arg	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 5	ENST00000270142.11	NP_000445.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
SOD1	ENST00000270142.11	c.280G>C	p.Gly94Arg	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 5	1	NM_000454.5	ENSP00000270142.7

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 30

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1 Pathogenic:2

May 20, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 94 of the SOD1 protein (p.Gly94Arg). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PMID: 8004110, 28089114). This variant is also known as p.Gly93Arg. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 14784). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt SOD1 protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects SOD1 function (PMID: 18951903, 19483195, 20504969, 21257910, 23264618, 23280792, 26362407). This variant disrupts the p.Gly94 amino acid residue in SOD1. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 9029070, 18273717, 19483195, 21120636, 24325798). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Feb 01, 1994

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Motor neuron disease Pathogenic:1

Aug 31, 2016

Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: case-control

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.55
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.54	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.54
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	1.0	D;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.69
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.50
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.93	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.93	D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.58	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.92	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.2	H;.
PhyloP100		4.9
PrimateAI	Benign	0.44	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.2	D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.90
Sift	Uncertain	0.012	D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.012	D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.
Vest4		0.86
MutPred		0.91		Gain of solvent accessibility (P = 0.0456);.;
MVP		0.99
MPC		2.5
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.1
RBP_binding_hub_radar		1.1
RBP_regulation_power_radar		2.7
Varity_R		0.93
gMVP		0.97
Mutation Taster		=6/94	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs121912437; hg19: chr21-33039611;