3-12618600-C-T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -5 ACMG points: 0P and 5B. BP6BS2

The NM_002880.4(RAF1):c.122G>A(p.Arg41Gln) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000276 in 1,614,110 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R41L) has been classified as Likely benign.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00022 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00028 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

RAF1
NM_002880.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:4B:10

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.34

Publications

14 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

RAF1 (HGNC:9829): (Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAF1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

Noonan syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, ClinGen
Noonan syndrome 5
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, PanelApp Australia, G2P
dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
LEOPARD syndrome 2
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Orphanet, ClinGen
cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen
Costello syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

RAF1 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -5 ACMG points.

BP6

Variant 3-12618600-C-T is Benign according to our data. Variant chr3-12618600-C-T is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 40586.

BS2

High AC in GnomAd4 at 33 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
RAF1	NM_002880.4 link	c.122G>A	p.Arg41Gln	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 17	ENST00000251849.9	NP_002871.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
RAF1	ENST00000251849.9 link	c.122G>A	p.Arg41Gln	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 17	1	NM_002880.4	ENSP00000251849.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000217

AC:

AN:

152100

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000966

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00104

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000323

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.000481

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000278

AC:

AN:

251490

AF XY:

0.000316

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000123

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000463

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.0000544

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000378

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000326

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000282

AC:

412

AN:

1461892

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000301

AC XY:

219

AN XY:

727246

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000896

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000447

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.0000504

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.000209

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.0000374

AC:

AN:

53420

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.000693

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000316

AC:

351

AN:

1112010

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000199

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.476

Heterozygous variant carriers

111

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000217

AC:

AN:

152218

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000215

AC XY:

AN XY:

74412

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000963

AC:

AN:

41540

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000654

AC:

AN:

15288

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5184

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00104

AC:

AN:

4820

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10598

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

294

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000323

AC:

AN:

68008

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000476

AC:

AN:

2102

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.472

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.000270

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000257

TwinsUK

AF:

0.000539

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000349

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000181

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000709

EpiControl

AF:

0.000830

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4Benign:10

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:2Benign:1

Feb 29, 2016

GeneDx

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is considered likely benign or benign based on one or more of the following criteria: it is a conservative change, it occurs at a poorly conserved position in the protein, it is predicted to be benign by multiple in silico algorithms, and/or has population frequency not consistent with disease. -

Mar 02, 2018

ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The RAF1 c.122G>A; p.Arg41Gln variant (rs145611571), to our knowledge, is not reported in the medical literature, gene specific variation databases, nor has it been previously identified by our laboratory. This variant is listed in the genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) with an overall population frequency of 0.03% (identified on 75 out of 277,246 chromosomes) and is classified as a variant of unknown significance in ClinVar (ID: 279925). The arginine at position 41 is highly conserved, considering 12 species, and computational analyses of the effects of the p.Arg41Gln variant on protein structure and function make conflicting predictions (SIFT: tolerated, PolyPhen-2: possibly damaging). Based on the available information, the clinical significance of the p.Arg41Gln variant cannot be determined with certainty. -

Jun 25, 2018

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not specified

Benign:3

Oct 10, 2018

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The p.Arg41Gln variant in RAF1 has been identified by our laboratory in 2 indivi duals with clinical features of a RASopathy and segregated with disease in 1 aff ected relative; however, this variant has also been identified in 0.05% (17/3442 0) of Latino chromosomes and 0.03% (44/126734) of European chromosomes by gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org) and, therefore, it is classified as likely b enign. ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: BS1. -

Dec 09, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: RAF1 c.122G>A (p.Arg41Gln) results in a conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00028 in 252090 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.00046 within the Latino subpopulation in the gnomAD database. The observed variant frequency within Latino control individuals in the gnomAD database is approximately 18.4 fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in RAF1 causing Noonan Syndrome And Related Conditions phenotype (2.5e-05). c.122G>A has been reported in the literature in at least one individual with autism (Kelleher_2012). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Noonan Syndrome And Related Conditions. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publication has been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 22558107). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 40586). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely benign. -

Apr 08, 2025

Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Montreal Heart Institute

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

LEOPARD syndrome 2

Benign:2

Jan 13, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of benign for this disease. -

Aug 22, 2023

Mendelics

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Noonan syndrome

Uncertain:1

Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Noonan syndrome 5

Uncertain:1

Jan 13, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Cardiovascular phenotype

Benign:1

Mar 19, 2020

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

RAF1-related disorder

Benign:1

Jul 17, 2020

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is classified as likely benign based on ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation guidelines (Richards et al. 2015 PMID: 25741868, with internal and published modifications). -

RASopathy

Benign:1

Jan 29, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Noonan syndrome and Noonan-related syndrome

Benign:1

Dec 01, 2019

Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.25

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.032

BayesDel_noAF

Uncertain

0.050

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.41

T;.

Eigen

Uncertain

0.65

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.74

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

0.98

D;D

M_CAP

Benign

0.031

MetaRNN

Uncertain

0.54

D;D

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.37

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.8

L;L

PhyloP100

7.3

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.64

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.26

N;N

REVEL

Uncertain

0.34

Sift

Benign

0.034

D;D

Sift4G

Benign

0.38

T;T

Polyphen

0.99

D;.

Vest4

0.85

MVP

0.85

MPC

0.56

ClinPred

0.11

GERP RS

6.2

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.16

gMVP

0.60

Mutation Taster

=238/62

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over