7-44145044-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. Variant got -20 ACMG points: 0P and 20B. BP4_Strong BP6_Very_Strong BS1 BS2

The NM_000162.5(GCK):c.*92C>A variant causes a 3 prime UTR change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00388 in 1,553,958 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 44 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely benign (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0037 (5 hom., cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0039 (39 hom.)
• Consequence: GCK NM_000162.5 3_prime_UTR
• Clinical Significance: Benign/Likely benign criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts B:6
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -1.27

Genes affected

GCK (HGNC:4195): (glucokinase) This gene encodes a member of the hexokinase family of proteins. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. The use of multiple promoters and alternative splicing of this gene result in distinct protein isoforms that exhibit tissue-specific expression in the pancreas and liver. In the pancreas, this enzyme plays a role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while in the liver, this enzyme is important in glucose uptake and conversion to glycogen. Mutations in this gene that alter enzyme activity have been associated with multiple types of diabetes and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Benign. Variant got -20 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.8).
• BP6: Variant 7-44145044-G-T is Benign according to our data. Variant chr7-44145044-G-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_benign]. Clinvar id is 360298.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr7-44145044-G-T is described in Lovd as [Benign].
• BS1: Variant frequency is greater than expected in population nfe. gnomad4 allele frequency = 0.00374 (569/152256) while in subpopulation NFE AF= 0.00325 (221/67992). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.0029. There are 5 homozygotes in gnomad4. There are 346 alleles in male gnomad4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 33. This position pass quality control queck.
• BS2: High Homozygotes in GnomAd at 5 AD,AR gene

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
GCK	NM_000162.5	c.*92C>A		3_prime_UTR_variant	10/10	ENST00000403799.8

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
GCK	ENST00000403799.8	c.*92C>A		3_prime_UTR_variant	10/10	1	NM_000162.5	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00374 AC: 569 AN: 152138 Hom.: 5 Cov.: 33

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.000579

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.000851

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.000622

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.0285

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00325

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00239

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00389 AC: 5456 AN: 1401702 Hom.: 39 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00380 AC XY: 2638 AN XY: 694708

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.000559

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.000815

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000271

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.000695

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.0302

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00368

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00360

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00374 AC: 569 AN: 152256 Hom.: 5 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00465 AC XY: 346 AN XY: 74446

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.000577

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.000850

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.000622

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.0285

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.00325

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00237

Alfa AF: 0.00206 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00176

Asia WGS AF: 0.000289 AC: 1 AN: 3478

ClinVar

Significance: Benign/Likely benign

Submissions summary: Benign:6

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Recessive Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Jan 13, 2018

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as likely benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of likely benign for this disease. -

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 Benign:1

Benign, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Jan 13, 2018

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of benign for this disease. -

Maturity onset diabetes mellitus in young Benign:1

Benign, criteria provided, single submitter

research

Clinical Genomics, Uppaluri K&H Personalized Medicine Clinic

-

Potent mutations in GCK gene is associated with poor secretion of insulin. Its associated with milder forms of diabetes, which can be controlled by diet . However, there is no sufficient evidence to ascertain the significance of rs557990162 in MODY, yet. -

not provided Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Apr 08, 2020

- -

Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Jan 13, 2018

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as likely benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of likely benign for this disease. -

Hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase deficiency Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Jan 13, 2018

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as likely benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of likely benign for this disease. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.80
Cadd	Benign	0.51
Dann	Benign	0.78

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs557990162; hg19: chr7-44184643;