8-38146068-C-T

Position:

• chr8-38146068-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000349.3(STAR):​c.545G>A​(p.Arg182His) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000616 in 1,461,874 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000062 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: STAR NM_000349.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:8
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.32

Genes affected

STAR (HGNC:11359): (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) The protein encoded by this gene plays a key role in the acute regulation of steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone. This protein permits the cleavage of cholesterol into pregnenolone by mediating the transport of cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in this gene are a cause of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (CLAH), also called lipoid CAH. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

STAR (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a chain Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial (size 221) in uniprot entity STAR_HUMAN there are 5 pathogenic changes around while only 2 benign (71%) in NM_000349.3
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.993
• PP5: Variant 8-38146068-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr8-38146068-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 8995.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
STAR	NM_000349.3	c.545G>A	p.Arg182His	missense_variant	5/7	ENST00000276449.9	NP_000340.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
STAR	ENST00000276449.9	c.545G>A	p.Arg182His	missense_variant	5/7	1	NM_000349.3	ENSP00000276449.3
STAR	ENST00000522050.1	c.479G>A	p.Arg160His	missense_variant	4/5	5		ENSP00000429009.1
STAR	ENST00000520114.1	n.1032G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	4/4	2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000616 AC: 9 AN: 1461874 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000550 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 727238

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000252

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000629

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

TwinsUK AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ALSPAC AF: 0.000259 AC: 1

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia due to STAR deficency Pathogenic:4

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Natera, Inc.	Sep 16, 2020	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Jan 18, 2018	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Feb 01, 2005	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	Feb 09, 2021	- -

not provided Pathogenic:4

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Athena Diagnostics	Aug 09, 2017	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Nov 10, 2023	This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with histidine, which is basic and polar, at codon 182 of the STAR protein (p.Arg182His). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individuals with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (PMID: 11509019, 15546900). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 8995). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt STAR protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects STAR function (PMID: 15546900). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Seattle Children's Hospital Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Seattle Children's Hospital	Jan 19, 2021	This is a recurrent pathogenic variant that has previously been reported in the homozygous state in multiple unrelated individuals with STaR deficiency (PMID: 15546900, PMID: 11509019, PMID: 26523528, PMID: 28870780). The c.545G>A variant is predicted to substitute the arginine at position 182 with histidine. The Arg182 is a highly conserved amino acid position within a critical functional domain (PMID: 11509019). Experimental studies have demonstrated that the p.Arg182His change impairs protein function (PMID: 15546900). -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Jan 04, 2024	Published functional studies demonstrate a damaging effect on protein activity (PMID: 17301050, 15546900); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 28780348, 17301050, 15546900, 33227378, 32784047, 28870780, 26523528, 21846663, 25883920, 11509019, 24904850, 22083155, 28637490, 22903695, 19245813, 15985476, 26827627, 28467518) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.92
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.48	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.46
CADD	Pathogenic	33
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.91	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.66
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.68
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.97	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.97	D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.27	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.39	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.0	M
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.80	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-4.4	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.88
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0020	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.99
MutPred		1.0		Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0279);
MVP		0.97
MPC		0.93
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.8
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.94
gMVP		0.94

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs104894086; hg19: chr8-38003586;