NM_000108.5:c.1436A>T

Variant names:

• chr7-107919071-A-T
• rs397514649
• NM_000108.5:c.1436A>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000108.5(DLD):​c.1436A>T​(p.Asp479Val) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. D479D) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: DLD NM_000108.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:7
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 8.95
• Publications: 8 publications found

Genes affected

DLD (HGNC:2898): (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) This gene encodes a member of the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. In homodimeric form, the encoded protein functions as a dehydrogenase and is found in several multi-enzyme complexes that regulate energy metabolism. However, as a monomer, this protein can function as a protease. Mutations in this gene have been identified in patients with E3-deficient maple syrup urine disease and lipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

DLD Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Leigh syndrome

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• pyruvate dehydrogenase E3 deficiency

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Orphanet, Ambry Genetics, ClinGen, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Myriad Women’s Health

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 2 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 3 uncertain in NM_000108.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.994
• PP5: Variant 7-107919071-A-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr7-107919071-A-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 40186.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
DLD	NM_000108.5	c.1436A>T	p.Asp479Val	missense_variant	Exon 13 of 14	ENST00000205402.10	NP_000099.2
DLD	NM_001289751.1	c.1367A>T	p.Asp456Val	missense_variant	Exon 12 of 13		NP_001276680.1
DLD	NM_001289752.1	c.1292A>T	p.Asp431Val	missense_variant	Exon 12 of 13		NP_001276681.1
DLD	NM_001289750.1	c.1139A>T	p.Asp380Val	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 12		NP_001276679.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
DLD	ENST00000205402.10	c.1436A>T	p.Asp479Val	missense_variant	Exon 13 of 14	1	NM_000108.5	ENSP00000205402.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Pyruvate dehydrogenase E3 deficiency Pathogenic:6

Sep 05, 2022

Revvity Omics, Revvity

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jan 18, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces aspartic acid, which is acidic and polar, with valine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 479 of the DLD protein (p.Asp479Val). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 10448086, 21996136, 23995961). This variant is also known as p.Asp444Val. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 40186). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt DLD protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects DLD function (PMID: 17404228, 21558426, 21930696, 27544700). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Mar 17, 2024

Genomic Medicine Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

- -

Apr 10, 2007

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Oct 19, 2020

Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Based on the classification scheme VCGS_Germline_v1.1.1, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. Following criteria are met: 0102 - Loss-of-function is a known mechanism of disease for this gene. (N) 0106 - This gene is known to be associated with autosomal recessive disease. (N) 0200 - Variant is predicted to result in a missense amino acid change from aspartic acid to valine (exon 13). (N) 0252 - Variant is homozygous. (N) 0301 - Variant is absent from gnomAD. (P) 0501 - Missense variant consistently predicted to be damaging by multiple in silico tools or highly conserved with a major amino acid change. (P) 0600 - Variant is located in an annotated domain or motif (pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerisation domain; PDB). (N) 0801 - Strong previous evidence of pathogenicity in unrelated individuals. This variant has been reported as homozygous in multiple patients with deficiency in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) and/or pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) (PMIDs: 10448086, 21996136, 23995961). (P) 1001 - Strong functional evidence supporting abnormal protein function. DLD activity level was reduced in patients (PMIDs: 10448086, 23995961). (P) 1208 - Inheritance information for this variant is not currently available. (N) Legend: (P) - Pathogenic, (N) - Neutral, (B) - Benign -

-

Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Lactic acidosis Pathogenic:1

Oct 21, 2024

Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Skane University Hospital Lund

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The patient is homozygous for the variant. ACMG criteria used: PS3, PS4, PM2, PP3 -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.52	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.51
CADD	Pathogenic	28
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.94	D;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.97
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.93
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	.;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.59	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.9	M;.;.
PhyloP100		8.9
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.81	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-8.6	D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.96
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;D;.
Vest4		0.98
MutPred		0.97		Gain of catalytic residue at D479 (P = 0.1043);.;.;
MVP		0.99
MPC		0.94
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		6.0
Varity_R		0.99
gMVP		0.97
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
Splicevardb		2.0
SpliceAI score (max)		0.090		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs397514649; hg19: chr7-107559516;