NM_000159.4:c.262C>T

Variant names:

• chr19-12891965-C-T
• rs142967670
• NM_000159.4:c.262C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000159.4(GCDH):​c.262C>T​(p.Arg88Cys) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000539 in 1,614,102 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R88G) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000072 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000052 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GCDH NM_000159.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:10
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.52
• Publications: 20 publications found

Genes affected

GCDH (HGNC:4189): (glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase) The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. The enzyme exists in the mitochondrial matrix as a homotetramer of 45-kD subunits. Mutations in this gene result in the metabolic disorder glutaric aciduria type 1, which is also known as glutaric acidemia type I. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

GCDH Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, MODERATE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp, Orphanet, G2P, Myriad Women’s Health

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 9 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 8 uncertain in NM_000159.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr19-12891965-C-G is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 1465690.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.962
• PP5: Variant 19-12891965-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-12891965-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 189150.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000159.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GCDH	NM_000159.4	MANE Select	c.262C>T	p.Arg88Cys	missense	Exon 4 of 12	NP_000150.1
	GCDH	NM_013976.5		c.262C>T	p.Arg88Cys	missense	Exon 4 of 12	NP_039663.1
	GCDH	NR_102316.1		n.370C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 4 of 12

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GCDH	ENST00000222214.10	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.262C>T	p.Arg88Cys	missense	Exon 4 of 12	ENSP00000222214.4
	GCDH	ENST00000591470.5	TSL:1	c.262C>T	p.Arg88Cys	missense	Exon 3 of 11	ENSP00000466845.1
	GCDH	ENST00000590627.5	TSL:1	n.627C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 3 of 5

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000723 AC: 11 AN: 152210 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000724

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.000118

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000477 AC: 12 AN: 251424 AF XY: 0.0000589

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.000106

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000520 AC: 76 AN: 1461892 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.0000633 AC XY: 46 AN XY: 727248

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33480

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86258

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53420

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000683 AC: 76 AN: 1112010

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60396

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000723 AC: 11 AN: 152210 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000672 AC XY: 5 AN XY: 74354

African (AFR) AF: 0.0000724 AC: 3 AN: 41454

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15280

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3470

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5194

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4830

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10620

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.000118 AC: 8 AN: 68040

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2094

Alfa AF: 0.000147 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000567

ESP6500AA AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ESP6500EA AF: 0.000233 AC: 2

ExAC AF: 0.0000494 AC: 6

EpiCase AF: 0.00

EpiControl AF: 0.000119

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:10

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Glutaric aciduria, type 1 Pathogenic:8

Nov 14, 2018

Counsyl

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com.

Apr 06, 2017

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: The GCDH c.262C>T (p.Arg88Cys) variant involves the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. 4/4 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant (SNPs&GO not captured due to low reliability index). This variant was found in 6/121308 control chromosomes at a frequency of 0.0000495, which does not exceed the estimated maximal expected allele frequency of a pathogenic GCDH variant (0.0035355). The variant was reported in numerous affected individuals in the literature and functional studies using both expression systems as well as patient firbroblasts show the variant to have a complete loss of GCDH activity (Biery_1996, CHRISTENSEN_2004). In addition, multiple clinical diagnostic laboratories/reputable databases classified this variant as likely pathogenic/pathogenic. Taken together, this variant is classified as pathogenic.

Oct 16, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Across a selection of the available literature, the GCDH c.262C>T (p.Arg88Cys) variant has been identified in ten probands with glutaric acidemia, including four who carried the variant in a homozygous state and six who carried the variant in a compound heterozygous state, and in an additional seven proband alleles (Biery et al. 1996; Schwartz et al. 1998; Busquets et al. 2000; Zschocke et al. 2000; Al-Dirbashi et al. 2011; Bhattacharjee et al. 2015; Schmiesing et al. 2017). Control data are unavailable for this variant, which is reported at a frequency of 0.000108 in the European (non-Finnish) population of the Genome Aggregation Database. Expression of wild type and p.Arg88Cys variant GCDH in E. coli revealed the p.Arg88Cys variant produced stable protein, however Western blotting found no enzyme activity (Biery et al. 1996). Expression of the p.Arg88Cys variant in HeLa cells revealed expression and degradation rates similar to wild type and normal mitochondrial localization but abnormal mitochondrial architecture, while expression in HEK293T cells revealed no negative impact on oligomer formation (Schmiesing et al. 2017). Based on the collective evidence, the p.Arg88Cys variant is classified as pathogenic for glutaric acidemia. This variant was observed by ICSL as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population.

Jul 24, 2020

Natera, Inc.

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

Aug 19, 2024

Greenwood Genetic Center Diagnostic Laboratories, Greenwood Genetic Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

PS3, PM1_Supporting, PM2, PM3, PP3

Mar 19, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Oct 30, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 88 of the GCDH protein (p.Arg88Cys). This variant is present in population databases (rs142967670, gnomAD 0.01%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with glutaric aciduria type I (PMID: 8900227, 10699052, 11073722, 19433437, 23395213, 28438223). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 189150). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GCDH protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects GCDH function (PMID: 8900227). This variant disrupts the p.Arg88 amino acid residue in GCDH. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 21811973, 23395213, 24332224). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic.

May 30, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

not provided Pathogenic:2

Jan 13, 2022

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Published functional studies demonstrate this variant results in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity that is less than 1% of the activity of expressed wild-type protein (Biery et al., 1996); Not observed at a significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis, which includes protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, supports a deleterious effect; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25255367, 24332224, 23395213, 25087612, 28438223, 28062662, 8900227, 10699052, 11073722, 19433437, 31536184, 33064266, 32778825)

Dec 02, 2024

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

DNA sequence analysis of the GCDH gene demonstrated a sequence change, c.262C>T, in exon 4 that results in an amino acid change, p.Arg88Cys. The p.Arg88Cys change affects a highly conserved amino acid residue located in a domain of the GCDH protein that is known to be functional. The p.Arg88Cys substitution appears to be deleterious/possibly damaging using several in-silico pathogenicity prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2, Align GVGD, REVEL). This sequence change has previously been described in multiple unrelated individuals with glutaric aciduria type I (PMIDs: 8900227, 10699052, 11073722, 19433437, 23395213, 28438223). This sequence change has been described in the gnomAD database with a frequency of 0.01% in the Non-Finnish European subpopulation (dbSNP rs142967670). The p.Arg88Cys amino acid change occurs in a region of the GCDH gene where other missense sequence changes have been described in individuals with GCDH-related disorders. Taken together, the available evidence indicates that this sequence change is pathogenic.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.37
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.40	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.56
CADD	Pathogenic	33
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.98	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.98
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.86
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.84	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.51	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.96	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.93	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.6	H
PhyloP100		4.5
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.68	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.2	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.96
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0010	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.85
MVP		0.99
MPC		1.3
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.3
Varity_R		0.98
gMVP		0.80
Mutation Taster		=2/98	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs142967670; hg19: chr19-13002779;