NM_000170.3:c.2281G>A

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PS1PM1PM2PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000170.3(GLDC):c.2281G>A(p.Gly761Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000583 in 1,612,486 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 14/24 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another nucleotide change resulting in the same amino acid substitution has been previously reported as Pathogenic in ClinVar. Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. G761G) has been classified as Likely benign.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000039 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000060 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GLDC
NM_000170.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:4

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.54

Publications

6 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

GLDC (HGNC:4313): (glycine decarboxylase) Degradation of glycine is brought about by the glycine cleavage system, which is composed of four mitochondrial protein components: P protein (a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent glycine decarboxylase), H protein (a lipoic acid-containing protein), T protein (a tetrahydrofolate-requiring enzyme), and L protein (a lipoamide dehydrogenase). The protein encoded by this gene is the P protein, which binds to glycine and enables the methylamine group from glycine to be transferred to the T protein. Defects in this gene are a cause of nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH).[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

GLDC Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

glycine encephalopathy
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Myriad Women’s Health, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen
glycine encephalopathy 1
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
infantile glycine encephalopathy
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
neonatal glycine encephalopathy
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
atypical glycine encephalopathy
Inheritance: Unknown Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

GLDC links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points.

PS1

Transcript NM_000170.3 (GLDC) is affected with MISSENSE_VARIANT having same AA change as one Pathogenic present in ClinVar.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 11 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 5 uncertain in NM_000170.3

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.925

PP5

Variant 9-6554703-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr9-6554703-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 555815.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GLDC	NM_000170.3 link	c.2281G>A	p.Gly761Arg	missense_variant	Exon 19 of 25	ENST00000321612.8	NP_000161.2	P23378

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GLDC	ENST00000321612.8 link	c.2281G>A	p.Gly761Arg	missense_variant	Exon 19 of 25	1	NM_000170.3	ENSP00000370737.4		P23378

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000394

AC:

AN:

152248

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.000565

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000168

AC:

AN:

250606

AF XY:

0.000148

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.0000544

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00181

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000882

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000163

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000603

AC:

AN:

1460238

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000523

AC XY:

AN XY:

726390

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33442

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44706

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26128

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.0000252

AC:

AN:

39694

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86050

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00144

AC:

AN:

53404

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4724

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00000630

AC:

AN:

1111824

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000498

AC:

AN:

60266

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.463

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000394

AC:

AN:

152248

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000672

AC XY:

AN XY:

74386

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41454

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15294

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5204

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4834

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.000565

AC:

AN:

10626

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

68046

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2090

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.483

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.555

Hom.:

8748

Bravo

AF:

0.0000113

ExAC

AF:

0.0000906

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Glycine encephalopathy

Pathogenic:2

Aug 15, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 761 of the GLDC protein (p.Gly761Arg). This variant is present in population databases (rs386833549, gnomAD 0.2%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with glycine encephalopathy (PMID: 27362913). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 555815). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GLDC protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects GLDC function (PMID: 26179960). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Jun 19, 2020

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: GLDC c.2281G>A (p.Gly761Arg) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00017 in 250606 control chromosomes (gnomAD). This frequency is not higher than expected for a pathogenic variant in GLDC causing Glycine Encephalopathy (Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia) (0.00017 vs 0.0031), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.2281G>A has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with Glycine Encephalopathy (Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia) (e.g. Applegarth_2001, Coughlin_2017). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. Experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function demonstrated the variant had no measurable residual activity (Swanson_2015). Two ClinVar submitters (evaluation after 2014) cite the variant as pathogenic/likely pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Aug 24, 2021

GeneDx

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In-silico splice models predict that c.2281 G>A may create a cryptic splice acceptor site in exon 19 that could supplant the natural splice acceptor site. However, in the absence of RNA/functional studies, the actual effect of the c.2281 G>A change in this individual is unknown. If c.2281 G>A does not alter splicing, it will result in the G761R missense change.; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 16601880, 11592811, 26179960, 33726816, 27362913) -

Glycine encephalopathy 1

Pathogenic:1

Dec 22, 2017

Counsyl

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

1.0

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.46

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.59

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.86

D;.;.

Eigen

Pathogenic

1.1

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.95

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.98

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.90

D;D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.73

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.92

D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

0.96

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

4.5

H;.;.

PhyloP100

7.5

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.84

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-7.6

D;.;.

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.96

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;.;.

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;.;.

Polyphen

1.0

D;.;.

Vest4

0.99

MutPred

0.91

Loss of relative solvent accessibility (P = 0.0071);.;.;

MVP

1.0

MPC

0.34

ClinPred

0.97

GERP RS

5.4

PromoterAI

-0.021

Neutral

(source)

Varity_R

0.96

gMVP

0.99

Mutation Taster

=0/100

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.24

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

DS_DL_spliceai

0.24

Position offset: -34

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over