NM_000251.3:c.74G>A

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points: 0P and 2B. BP4_Moderate

The NM_000251.3(MSH2):c.74G>A(p.Gly25Asp) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000119 in 1,599,252 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G25C) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000026 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000010 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

MSH2
NM_000251.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:8B:2

Conservation

PhyloP100: 1.70

Publications

4 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

MSH2 (HGNC:7325): (mutS homolog 2) This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

MSH2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

Lynch syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, ClinGen, Orphanet
Lynch syndrome 1
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics
Muir-Torre syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Orphanet, G2P
mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet
mismatch repair cancer syndrome 2
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P
ovarian cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
malignant pancreatic neoplasm
Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
prostate cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
rhabdomyosarcoma
Inheritance: AR Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
breast cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
hereditary breast carcinoma
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

MSH2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.24515155).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MSH2	NM_000251.3 link	c.74G>A	p.Gly25Asp	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 16	ENST00000233146.7	NP_000242.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MSH2	ENST00000233146.7 link	c.74G>A	p.Gly25Asp	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 16	1	NM_000251.3	ENSP00000233146.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000263

AC:

AN:

152252

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000588

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.00000913

AC:

AN:

219022

AF XY:

0.00000837

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000204

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000104

AC:

AN:

1447000

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000557

AC XY:

AN XY:

718610

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33332

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41864

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

25736

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39164

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

83698

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

51120

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5594

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000136

AC:

AN:

1106634

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

59858

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.468

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000263

AC:

AN:

152252

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74392

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41464

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15288

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5200

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4834

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10628

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000588

AC:

AN:

68044

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2094

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.488

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.0000800

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.00000756

ExAC

AF:

0.0000249

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:8Benign:2

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not specified

Uncertain:2

Aug 09, 2017

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Sep 23, 2019

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: MSH2 c.74G>A (p.Gly25Asp) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the DNA mismatch repair protein MutS-like, N-terminal domain of the encoded protein sequence. Two of four in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 9.1e-06 in 219022 control chromosomes (gnomAD). The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. To our knowledge, no occurrence of c.74G>A in individuals affected with Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer and no experimental evidence demonstrating its impact on protein function have been reported. Three ClinVar submissions (evaluation after 2014) cite the variant as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Lynch syndrome 1

Uncertain:2

Aug 12, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Nov 27, 2024

Molecular Pathology, Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Mar 11, 2024

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This missense variant replaces glycine with aspartic acid at codon 25 of the MSH2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). This variant does not impact MSH2 function in a 6-thioguanine sensitivity assay in haploid human cells (internally defined LOF score threshold <= -1.32, PMID: 33357406). This variant has been reported in an individual affected with ovarian carcinoma determined to be microsatellite stable but with indeterminate immunohistochemsitry results (PMID: 36230473). This variant has been identified in 4/250416 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Aug 05, 2022

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Lynch syndrome

Uncertain:1

Aug 06, 2024

All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Muir-Torré syndrome

Uncertain:1

Dec 12, 2022

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not provided

Uncertain:1

Jun 07, 2023

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Identified in a patient with ovarian cancer and indeterminate mismatch repair immunohistochemistry (Yang et al., 2022); Published functional studies suggest no damaging effect: performed similar to wild type in an assay measuring resistance to 6-TG (Jia et al., 2020); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 23729658, 16929514, 36230473, 18822302, 21120944, 33357406) -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms

Benign:1

Feb 04, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Uncertain

0.37

BayesDel_addAF

Uncertain

0.084

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.12

CADD

Benign

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

0.99

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.37

T;.;.

Eigen

Benign

-0.29

Eigen_PC

Benign

-0.18

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.85

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.87

D;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.25

MetaRNN

Benign

0.25

T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.43

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.1

L;.;.

PhyloP100

1.7

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.65

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.88

N;.;N

REVEL

Uncertain

0.45

Sift

Uncertain

0.028

D;.;D

Sift4G

Benign

0.12

T;.;T

Polyphen

0.37

B;.;B

Vest4

0.25

MutPred

0.38

Gain of ubiquitination at K29 (P = 0.0594);Gain of ubiquitination at K29 (P = 0.0594);Gain of ubiquitination at K29 (P = 0.0594);

MVP

0.79

MPC

0.0060

ClinPred

0.32

GERP RS

1.3

PromoterAI

0.047

Neutral

(source)

RBP_binding_hub_radar

1.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

2.2

Varity_R

0.30

gMVP

0.34

Mutation Taster

=86/14

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over