NM_000271.5:c.1901A>T

Variant names:

• chr18-23545006-T-A
• rs202140203
• NM_000271.5:c.1901A>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5

The NM_000271.5(NPC1):​c.1901A>T​(p.Tyr634Phe) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000143 in 1,403,394 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. Y634C) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: NPC1 NM_000271.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 8.00
• Publications: 5 publications found

Genes affected

NPC1 (HGNC:7897): (NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1) This gene encodes a large protein that resides in the limiting membrane of endosomes and lysosomes and mediates intracellular cholesterol trafficking via binding of cholesterol to its N-terminal domain. It is predicted to have a cytoplasmic C-terminus, 13 transmembrane domains, and 3 large loops in the lumen of the endosome - the last loop being at the N-terminus. This protein transports low-density lipoproteins to late endosomal/lysosomal compartments where they are hydrolized and released as free cholesterol. Defects in this gene cause Niemann-Pick type C disease, a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by over accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in late endosomal/lysosomal compartments.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

NPC1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Niemann-Pick disease, type C1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: ClinGen, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Genomics England PanelApp, Myriad Women’s Health
• Niemann-Pick disease type C, adult neurologic onset

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Niemann-Pick disease type C, juvenile neurologic onset

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Niemann-Pick disease type C, late infantile neurologic onset

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Niemann-Pick disease type C, severe early infantile neurologic onset

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Niemann-Pick disease type C, severe perinatal form

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 2 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 3 uncertain in NM_000271.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr18-23545006-T-C is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 553800.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 171 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 18 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 1.0917 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 1.706 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Niemann-Pick disease, type C1, Niemann-Pick disease type C, severe early infantile neurologic onset, Niemann-Pick disease type C, late infantile neurologic onset, Niemann-Pick disease type C, adult neurologic onset, Niemann-Pick disease type C, juvenile neurologic onset, Niemann-Pick disease type C, severe perinatal form.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.939
• PP5: Variant 18-23545006-T-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr18-23545006-T-A is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 1019102.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000271.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	NPC1	NM_000271.5	MANE Select	c.1901A>T	p.Tyr634Phe	missense	Exon 12 of 25	NP_000262.2

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	NPC1	ENST00000269228.10	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.1901A>T	p.Tyr634Phe	missense	Exon 12 of 25	ENSP00000269228.4
	NPC1	ENST00000591051.1	TSL:2	c.977A>T	p.Tyr326Phe	missense	Exon 5 of 18	ENSP00000467636.1
	NPC1	ENST00000540608.5	TSL:2	n.1815A>T		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 10 of 16

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000143 AC: 2 AN: 1403394 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 34 AF XY: 0.00000287 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 697382

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Exomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.0000613 AC: 2 AN: 32608

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 42750

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 24988

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33774

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 85652

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 48134

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5614

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1072988

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 56886

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD4 Exomes is highly skewed from 0.5 (p-value = 0.0385499), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Niemann-Pick disease, type C Pathogenic:1

Jul 11, 2025

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: NPC1 c.1901A>T (p.Tyr634Phe) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the Sterol-sensing domain (IPR000731) of the encoded protein sequence. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function are either unavailable or do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change. The variant was absent in 251366 control chromosomes. c.1901A>T has been observed in individuals affected with Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (LCG internal data). These data indicate that the variant may be associated with disease. A different variant affecting the same codon has been classified as likely pathogenic/pathogenic by our lab (c.1901A>G, p.Tyr634Cys), supporting the critical relevance of codon 634 to NPC1 protein function. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 1019102). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely pathogenic.

Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 Pathogenic:1

Jan 25, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces tyrosine, which is neutral and polar, with phenylalanine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 634 of the NPC1 protein (p.Tyr634Phe). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of Niemann-Pick Type C (internal data). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 1019102). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt NPC1 protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. This variant disrupts the p.Tyr634 amino acid residue in NPC1. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 10419504, 19252935, 24891511, 32138288). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.33
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.31	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.20
CADD	Pathogenic	28
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.84	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.79
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.76
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.97	D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.27	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.94	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.91	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	2.9	M
PhyloP100		8.0
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.56	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-4.0	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.77
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.75
MutPred		0.76		Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.2929)
MVP		0.91
MPC		0.56
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		6.1
Varity_R		0.75
gMVP		0.82
Mutation Taster		=22/78	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.21		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_AG_spliceai		0.21		Position offset: -12

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs202140203; hg19: chr18-21124970;