NM_000277.3:c.1089G>C

Variant names:

• chr12-102843756-C-G
• rs63329263
• NM_000277.3:c.1089G>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points: 7P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP2 PP3_Moderate

The NM_000277.3(PAH):​c.1089G>C​(p.Lys363Asn) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000479 in 1,461,578 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another nucleotide change resulting in the same amino acid substitution has been previously reported as Uncertain significance in ClinVar. Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. K363K) has been classified as Likely benign. The gene PAH is included in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000048 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PAH NM_000277.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:5
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -0.107
• Publications: 4 publications found

Genes affected

PAH (HGNC:8582): (phenylalanine hydroxylase) This gene encodes a member of the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase protein family. The encoded phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme hydroxylates phenylalanine to tyrosine and is the rate-limiting step in phenylalanine catabolism. Deficiency of this enzyme activity results in the autosomal recessive disorder phenylketonuria. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

PAH Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• phenylketonuria

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, Myriad Women’s Health, G2P
• classic phenylketonuria

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• maternal phenylketonuria

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• mild hyperphenylalaninemia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• mild phenylketonuria

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• tetrahydrobiopterin-responsive hyperphenylalaninemia/phenylketonuria

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Specifications for PAH are available in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry and recommended for reference when assigning criteria.

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 15 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 12 uncertain in NM_000277.3
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 440 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 8 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: -0.64755 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: -0.0084567 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to mild phenylketonuria, classic phenylketonuria, phenylketonuria, maternal phenylketonuria, mild hyperphenylalaninemia, tetrahydrobiopterin-responsive hyperphenylalaninemia/phenylketonuria.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.939

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000277.3. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	PAH	NM_000277.3	MANE Select	c.1089G>C	p.Lys363Asn	missense	Exon 11 of 13	NP_000268.1	P00439
	PAH	NM_001354304.2		c.1089G>C	p.Lys363Asn	missense	Exon 12 of 14	NP_001341233.1	P00439

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	PAH	ENST00000553106.6	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.1089G>C	p.Lys363Asn	missense	Exon 11 of 13	ENSP00000448059.1	P00439
	PAH	ENST00000906695.1		c.1188G>C	p.Lys396Asn	missense	Exon 12 of 14	ENSP00000576754.1
	PAH	ENST00000906692.1		c.1167G>C	p.Lys389Asn	missense	Exon 11 of 13	ENSP00000576751.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000479 AC: 7 AN: 1461578 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000550 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 727118

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33462

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44710

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26134

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39696

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86258

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53372

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5758

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000630 AC: 7 AN: 1111816

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60372

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.00

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Uncertain significance

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
-	4	-	Phenylketonuria (4)
-	1	-	not specified (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.17
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.12	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	-0.060
CADD	Benign	11
DANN	Benign	0.84
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.87	D
Eigen	Benign	-1.1
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.1
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.14	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.80	T
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.17	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.94	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.86	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.83	L
PhyloP100		-0.11
PrimateAI	Benign	0.30	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.6	N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.43
Sift	Benign	0.094	T
Sift4G	Benign	0.084	T
Polyphen		0.0	B
Vest4		0.74
MutPred		0.79		Loss of ubiquitination at K363 (P = 0.0141)
MVP		0.79
MPC		0.034
ClinPred		0.33	T
GERP RS		1.3
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.1
Varity_R		0.32
gMVP		0.84
Mutation Taster		=16/84	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs63329263; hg19: chr12-103237534;