NM_000372.5:c.1037-1G>A

Variant names:

• chr11-89227822-G-A
• rs61754382
• NM_000372.5:c.1037-1G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PVS1 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000372.5(TYR):​c.1037-1G>A variant causes a splice acceptor, intron change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000377 in 1,460,128 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 1 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000038 (1 hom.)
• Consequence: TYR NM_000372.5 splice_acceptor, intron
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 1.000
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:8 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.36
• Publications: 3 publications found

Genes affected

TYR (HGNC:12442): (tyrosinase) The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the first 2 steps, and at least 1 subsequent step, in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. The enzyme has both tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase catalytic activities, and requires copper for function. Mutations in this gene result in oculocutaneous albinism, and nonpathologic polymorphisms result in skin pigmentation variation. The human genome contains a pseudogene similar to the 3' half of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

TYR Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• oculocutaneous albinism type 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• oculocutaneous albinism type 1A

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Laboratory for Molecular Medicine
• Waardenburg syndrome type 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• minimal pigment oculocutaneous albinism type 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• oculocutaneous albinism type 1B

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• temperature-sensitive oculocutaneous albinism type 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, LoF is a know mechanism of disease, No cryptic splice site detected. Exon removal results in frameshift change.
• PP5: Variant 11-89227822-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr11-89227822-G-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 99526.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TYR	NM_000372.5	c.1037-1G>A		splice_acceptor_variant, intron_variant	Intron 2 of 4	ENST00000263321.6	NP_000363.1
TYR	XM_011542970.3	c.1037-1G>A		splice_acceptor_variant, intron_variant	Intron 2 of 5		XP_011541272.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TYR	ENST00000263321.6	c.1037-1G>A		splice_acceptor_variant, intron_variant	Intron 2 of 4	1	NM_000372.5	ENSP00000263321.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000200 AC: 5 AN: 250076 AF XY: 0.0000296

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000442

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000377 AC: 55 AN: 1460128 Hom.: 1 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000358 AC XY: 26 AN XY: 726462

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33446

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44618

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26106

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39638

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86238

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 52550

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5764

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000441 AC: 49 AN: 1111422

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000994 AC: 6 AN: 60346

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.0000543 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000189

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

EpiCase AF: 0.0000546

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:3 Other:1

-

Retina International

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Sep 18, 2023

ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The TYR c.1037-1G>A variant (rs61754382) is reported in the literature in the compound heterozygous state in several individuals affected with oculocutaneous albinism (Jackson 2020, Spritz 1997). This variant is reported in ClinVar (Variation ID: 99526). This variant is only observed on five alleles in the Genome Aggregation Database (v2.1.1), indicating it is not a common polymorphism. This variant disrupts the canonical splice acceptor site of intron 2, which is likely to negatively impact gene function. Based on available information, this variant is considered to be pathogenic. References: Jackson D et al. Molecular diagnostic challenges for non-retinal developmental eye disorders in the United Kingdom. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2020 Sep;184(3):578-589. PMID: 32830442. Spritz RA et al. Novel mutations of the tyrosinase (TYR) gene in type I oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1). Hum Mutat. 1997;10(2):171-4. PMID: 9259202. -

Jun 12, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change affects an acceptor splice site in intron 2 of the TYR gene. It is expected to disrupt RNA splicing. Variants that disrupt the donor or acceptor splice site typically lead to a loss of protein function (PMID: 16199547), and loss-of-function variants in TYR are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 23504663). This variant is present in population databases (rs61754382, gnomAD 0.005%). Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individuals with oculocutaneous albinism (PMID: 9259202, 18326704, 27734839, 31077556). This variant is also known as IVS2-1G>A. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 99526). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Feb 21, 2024

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Canonical splice site variant predicted to result in a null allele in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 18326704, 25525159, 9259202, 28451379, 31980526) -

Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A Pathogenic:2

Jul 22, 2021

Genome-Nilou Lab

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Aug 12, 2015

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Oculocutaneous albinism type 1B;C2677190:SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 3, LIGHT/DARK SKIN;C4551504:Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A Pathogenic:1

Jul 22, 2021

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

TYR-related disorder Pathogenic:1

Jul 30, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

The TYR c.1037-1G>A variant is predicted to disrupt the AG splice acceptor site and interfere with normal splicing. This variant has been reported along with a second TYR variant in individual with oculocutaneous albinism (denoted as IVS2-1G>A, Spritz et al. 1997. PubMed ID: 9259202; Hutton et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 18326704). This variant is reported in 0.0044% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD. Variants that disrupt the consensus splice acceptor site in TYR are expected to be pathogenic. This variant is interpreted as pathogenic. -

SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 3, LIGHT/DARK SKIN Pathogenic:1

Feb 16, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.52	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.34
CADD	Pathogenic	33
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.2
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	1.0
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	1.0	D
PhyloP100		9.4
GERP RS		5.1
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	0.91
SpliceAI score (max)		0.99		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_AG_spliceai		0.56		Position offset: 2
DS_AL_spliceai		0.99		Position offset: 1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs61754382; hg19: chr11-88960990;