NM_000454.5:c.256G>C

Variant names:

• chr21-31667274-G-C
• rs121912436
• NM_000454.5:c.256G>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points: 19P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000454.5(SOD1):​c.256G>C​(p.Gly86Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 13/22 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G86S) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: SOD1 NM_000454.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.37
• Publications: 754 publications found

Genes affected

SOD1 (HGNC:11179): (superoxide dismutase 1) The protein encoded by this gene binds copper and zinc ions and is one of two isozymes responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals in the body. The encoded isozyme is a soluble cytoplasmic protein, acting as a homodimer to convert naturally-occuring but harmful superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The other isozyme is a mitochondrial protein. In addition, this protein contains an antimicrobial peptide that displays antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-MRSA activity against E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus, S. aureus MRSA LPV+, S. agalactiae, and yeast C. krusei. Mutations in this gene have been implicated as causes of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rare transcript variants have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

SOD1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: ClinGen, Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• spastic tetraplegia and axial hypotonia, progressive

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ENSG00000273271 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 15 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 4 uncertain in NM_000454.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr21-31667274-G-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 932081.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 96 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 0 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.83817 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 1.2198 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spastic tetraplegia and axial hypotonia, progressive.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.994
• PP5: Variant 21-31667274-G-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr21-31667274-G-C is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 14758.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
SOD1	NM_000454.5	c.256G>C	p.Gly86Arg	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 5	ENST00000270142.11	NP_000445.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
SOD1	ENST00000270142.11	c.256G>C	p.Gly86Arg	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 5	1	NM_000454.5	ENSP00000270142.7

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 30

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1 Pathogenic:3

Sep 18, 1998

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

Apr 17, 2025

Human Genome Lab, NIMHANS, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The SOD1 gene encodes superoxide dismutase-1, a cytoplasmic antioxidant enzyme that metabolizes superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thus providing a defense against oxygen toxicity.The p.Gly86Arg variant results in the substitution of a glycine residue with arginine at position 86 of the SOD1 protein. This missense mutation has been associated with the familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Studies have shown that the G85R SOD1 variant (equivalent to p.Gly86Arg due to the absence of the initial methionine in the protein sequence) induces motor neuron toxicity, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear .

Aug 23, 2022

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. This variant disrupts the p.Gly86 amino acid residue in SOD1. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been observed in individuals with SOD1-related conditions (PMID: 20075587), which suggests that this may be a clinically significant amino acid residue. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects SOD1 function (PMID: 15050437, 15208263, 16945901, 19165329, 20399791, 23280792, 24134191). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt SOD1 protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 14758). This variant is also known as G85R. This missense change has been observed in individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PMID: 8446170, 20472325, 24908169, 32166880; Invitae). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 86 of the SOD1 protein (p.Gly86Arg).

SOD1-related disorder Pathogenic:1

Mar 25, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

The SOD1 c.256G>C variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Gly86Arg. This variant, which is also referred to as p.Gly85Arg in past reports using older genome reference builds, has been well-documented to be a cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Rosen et al. 1993. PubMed ID: 8446170; Prudencio et al. 2009. PubMed ID: 19483195; Chen et al. 2020. PubMed ID: 32166880). This variant has not been reported in a large population database, indicating this variant is rare. This variant is interpreted as pathogenic.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.98
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.58	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.59
CADD	Pathogenic	33
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	1.0	D;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.70
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.54
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.78	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.89	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.8	H;.
PhyloP100		9.4
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.85	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.9	D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.90
Sift	Uncertain	0.0060	D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.012	D;D
Vest4		0.99
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.4
RBP_binding_hub_radar		1.1
RBP_regulation_power_radar		2.7
Varity_R		0.98
gMVP		0.98
Mutation Taster		=2/98	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs121912436; hg19: chr21-33039587;