NM_000474.4:c.368C>T

Variant names:

• chr7-19116954-G-A
• NM_000474.4:c.368C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points: 6P and 4B. PM1 PM5 PP3_Moderate BS2

The NM_000474.4(TWIST1):​c.368C>T​(p.Ser123Leu) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000411 in 1,461,410 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. No clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. S123W) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000041 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: TWIST1 NM_000474.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Not reported in ClinVar
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.73

Genes affected

TWIST1 (HGNC:12428): (twist family bHLH transcription factor 1) This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that plays an important role in embryonic development. The encoded protein forms both homodimers and heterodimers that bind to DNA E box sequences and regulate the transcription of genes involved in cranial suture closure during skull development. This protein may also regulate neural tube closure, limb development and brown fat metabolism. This gene is hypermethylated and overexpressed in multiple human cancers, and the encoded protein promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis, as well as metastatic recurrence. Mutations in this gene cause Saethre-Chotzen syndrome in human patients, which is characterized by craniosynostosis, ptosis and hypertelorism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a domain bHLH (size 51) in uniprot entity TWST1_HUMAN there are 15 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000474.4
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr7-19116954-G-C is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.846
• BS2: High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 6 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TWIST1	NM_000474.4	c.368C>T	p.Ser123Leu	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 2	ENST00000242261.6	NP_000465.1
TWIST1	NR_149001.2	n.683C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 1 of 3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TWIST1	ENST00000242261.6	c.368C>T	p.Ser123Leu	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 2	1	NM_000474.4	ENSP00000242261.5
TWIST1	ENST00000354571.5	n.164C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 1 of 3	2		ENSP00000346582.5
TWIST1	ENST00000443687.5	n.-32C>T		upstream_gene_variant		4		ENSP00000416986.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000411 AC: 6 AN: 1461410 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000413 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 727042

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000540

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Not reported in ClinVar

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.22	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.080
CADD	Pathogenic	34
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.95	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.39
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.37
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.94	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.97	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.77	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.85	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.92	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.1	M
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.87	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.0	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.79
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0010	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.62
MutPred		0.46		Loss of disorder (P = 0.0323);
MVP		1.0
MPC		2.5
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		3.8
Varity_R		0.80
gMVP		0.98

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

No publications associated with this variant yet.

Other links and lift over

hg19: chr7-19156577;