NM_000535.7:c.497T>C

Variant names:

• chr7-6002493-A-G
• rs116349687
• NM_000535.7:c.497T>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -6 ACMG points: 1P and 7B. PP3 BP4_Moderate BP6 BS1

The NM_000535.7(PMS2):​c.497T>C​(p.Leu166Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000137 in 1,611,606 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. L166Q) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.00080 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000068 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PMS2 NM_000535.7 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:4 B:9
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 8.86
• Publications: 9 publications found

Genes affected

PMS2 (HGNC:9122): (PMS1 homolog 2, mismatch repair system component) The protein encoded by this gene is a key component of the mismatch repair system that functions to correct DNA mismatches and small insertions and deletions that can occur during DNA replication and homologous recombination. This protein forms heterodimers with the gene product of the mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) gene to form the MutL-alpha heterodimer. The MutL-alpha heterodimer possesses an endonucleolytic activity that is activated following recognition of mismatches and insertion/deletion loops by the MutS-alpha and MutS-beta heterodimers, and is necessary for removal of the mismatched DNA. There is a DQHA(X)2E(X)4E motif found at the C-terminus of the protein encoded by this gene that forms part of the active site of the nuclease. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC; also known as Lynch syndrome) and Turcot syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

PMS2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Lynch syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet
• Lynch syndrome 4

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp
• mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet
• mismatch repair cancer syndrome 4

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• malignant pancreatic neoplasm

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• ovarian cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• Muir-Torre syndrome

  Inheritance: AR Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• rhabdomyosarcoma

  Inheritance: AR Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• breast cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• prostate cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -6 ACMG points.

• PP3: Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect 10: AlphaMissense, BayesDel_noAF, Cadd, Eigen, MutationAssessor, phyloP100way_vertebrate, PrimateAI, PROVEAN, REVEL, REVEL [when max_spliceai, FATHMM_MKL, MetaRNN, MutationTaster was below the threshold]
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.1675066).
• BP6: Variant 7-6002493-A-G is Benign according to our data. Variant chr7-6002493-A-G is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 135944.
• BS1: Variant frequency is greater than expected in population afr. GnomAd4 allele frequency = 0.000801 (122/152332) while in subpopulation AFR AF = 0.00284 (118/41574). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.00242. There are 0 homozygotes in GnomAd4. There are 57 alleles in the male GnomAd4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 32. This position passed quality control check.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PMS2	NM_000535.7	c.497T>C	p.Leu166Pro	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 15	ENST00000265849.12	NP_000526.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PMS2	ENST00000265849.12	c.497T>C	p.Leu166Pro	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 15	1	NM_000535.7	ENSP00000265849.7

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.000802 AC: 122 AN: 152214 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00285

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.000262

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.000220 AC: 55 AN: 250284 AF XY: 0.000162

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00319

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.000116

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000678 AC: 99 AN: 1459274 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.0000523 AC XY: 38 AN XY: 725946

African (AFR) AF: 0.00260 AC: 87 AN: 33398

American (AMR) AF: 0.000112 AC: 5 AN: 44714

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26130

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86152

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53310

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4136

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 9.00e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1111540

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000997 AC: 6 AN: 60194

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.000801 AC: 122 AN: 152332 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.000765 AC XY: 57 AN XY: 74494

African (AFR) AF: 0.00284 AC: 118 AN: 41574

American (AMR) AF: 0.000262 AC: 4 AN: 15290

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3468

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5192

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4824

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10624

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 294

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 68040

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2114

Alfa AF: 0.000277 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.000892

ESP6500AA AF: 0.00318 AC: 14

ESP6500EA AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ExAC AF: 0.000206 AC: 25

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4 Benign:9

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:2 Benign:1

Apr 05, 2018

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 29, 2021

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Observed in individuals with endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, or prostate cancer, with a colon tumor from at least one individual showing loss of MLH1 and PMS2 proteins on immunohistochemistry (Ring 2016, Yurgelun 2017, Beebe-Dimmer 2018); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 29356034, 27443514, 24113346, 28135145, 25980754) -

Aug 09, 2023

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Benign:3

Jan 31, 2021

Sema4, Sema4

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: curation

- -

Jan 15, 2020

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Mar 03, 2020

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not specified Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Sep 09, 2022

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

DNA sequence analysis of the PMS2 gene demonstrated a sequence change, c.497T>C, in exon 5 that results in an amino acid change, p.Leu166Pro. This sequence change has been previously described in individuals with colorectal cancer, colon polyps/Lynch syndrome, endometrial cancer and prostate cancer (PMIDs: 25980754, 29356034, 28135145, 27443514). This sequence change has been described in the gnomAD database with a frequency of 0.3% in the African American subpopulation (dbSNP rs116349687). The p.Leu166Pro change affects a highly conserved amino acid residue located in a domain of the PMS2 protein that is known to be functional. The p.Leu166Pro substitution appears to be deleterious using several in-silico pathogenicity prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2, REVEL). Due to insufficient evidences and the lack of functional studies, the clinical significance of the p.Leu166Pro change remains unknown at this time. -

Dec 09, 2019

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: PMS2 c.497T>C (p.Leu166Pro) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the DNA mismatch repair protein family, N-terminal domain (IPR002099) of the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00022 in 250284 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.0032 within the African or African-American subpopulation in the gnomAD database. The observed variant frequency within African or African-American control individuals in the gnomAD database is approximately 28 fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in PMS2 causing Lynch Syndrome phenotype (0.00011), strongly suggesting that the variant is a benign polymorphism found primarily in populations of African or African-American origin. c.497T>C has been reported in the literature in sequencing studies of individuals affected with Lynch syndrome associated cancer/colorectal polyps, endometrial cancer, and early onset prostate cancer (example, Yurgelun_2017, Ring_2016, Yurgelun_2017, Beebe-Dimmer_2018). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Lynch Syndrome. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. Seven clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation (VUS, n=6, likely benign, n=1). Based on the evidence outlined above, and no emerging evidence supporting a pathognomic outcome for this variant in its evaluations spanning four years of testing at our laboratory, the variant was re-classified as likely benign. -

Lynch syndrome 4;C5436817:Mismatch repair cancer syndrome 4 Uncertain:1

Apr 18, 2024

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

PMS2-related disorder Benign:1

Sep 10, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is classified as likely benign based on ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation guidelines (Richards et al. 2015 PMID: 25741868, with internal and published modifications). -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Benign:1

Feb 04, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Hereditary cancer Benign:1

Jan 23, 2024

Mendelics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Lynch syndrome 4 Benign:1

Jan 27, 2025

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is considered benign. This variant has been observed at a population frequency that is significantly greater than expected given the associated disease prevalence and penetrance. Homozygosity for this variant has been confirmed in one or more individuals lacking clinical features consistent with gene-specific recessive disease, indicating that this variant is unlikely to be pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.10	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.37
CADD	Pathogenic	27
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.65	D;.;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.72
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.56
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.92	D;D;.;D;.;D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.25	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.17	T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.62	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.8	H;.;.;.;.;H
PhyloP100		8.9
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.80	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.1	D;D;.;.;.;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.78
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;.;.;.;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0010	D;D;.;.;.;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;D;.;.;D;D
Vest4		0.98
MVP		0.98
MPC		0.32
ClinPred		0.45	T
GERP RS		5.4
Varity_R		0.96
gMVP		0.89
Mutation Taster		=20/80	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs116349687; hg19: chr7-6042124; COSMIC: COSV99055982; COSMIC: COSV99055982;