NM_001029891.3:c.449T>G

Variant names:

• chrX-77969190-A-C
• NM_001029891.3:c.449T>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -3 ACMG points: 1P and 4B. PP3 BS2

The NM_001029891.3(PGAM4):​c.449T>G​(p.Leu150Arg) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000182 in 1,098,120 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. There are 7 hemizygotes in GnomAD. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 23)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000018 (0 hom. 7 hem.)
• Consequence: PGAM4 NM_001029891.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.42
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

PGAM4 (HGNC:21731): (phosphoglycerate mutase family member 4) This intronless gene appears to have arisen from a retrotransposition event, yet it is thought to be an expressed, protein-coding gene. The encoded protein is a member of the phosphoglycerate mutase family, a set of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

ATP7A (HGNC:869): (ATPase copper transporting alpha) This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that functions in copper transport across membranes. This protein is localized to the trans Golgi network, where it is predicted to supply copper to copper-dependent enzymes in the secretory pathway. It relocalizes to the plasma membrane under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, and functions in the efflux of copper from cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with Menkes disease, X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy, and occipital horn syndrome. Alternatively-spliced transcript variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

PGK1 (HGNC:8896): (phosphoglycerate kinase 1) The protein encoded by this gene is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. The encoded protein may also act as a cofactor for polymerase alpha. Additionally, this protein is secreted by tumor cells where it participates in angiogenesis by functioning to reduce disulfide bonds in the serine protease, plasmin, which consequently leads to the release of the tumor blood vessel inhibitor angiostatin. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Deficiency of the enzyme is associated with a wide range of clinical phenotypes hemolytic anemia and neurological impairment. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 19, 21 and the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

PGK1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• glycogen storage disease due to phosphoglycerate kinase 1 deficiency

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet, G2P, Genomics England PanelApp

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -3 ACMG points.

• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.808
• BS2: High Hemizygotes in GnomAdExome4 at 7 gene

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PGAM4	NM_001029891.3	c.449T>G	p.Leu150Arg	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 1	ENST00000458128.3	NP_001025062.1
ATP7A	NM_000052.7	c.-21-2431A>C		intron_variant	Intron 1 of 22	ENST00000341514.11	NP_000043.4
ATP7A	NM_001282224.2	c.-21-2431A>C		intron_variant	Intron 1 of 21		NP_001269153.1
ATP7A	NR_104109.2	n.144-2431A>C		intron_variant	Intron 1 of 9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PGAM4	ENST00000458128.3	c.449T>G	p.Leu150Arg	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 1	6	NM_001029891.3	ENSP00000412189.1
ATP7A	ENST00000341514.11	c.-21-2431A>C		intron_variant	Intron 1 of 22	1	NM_000052.7	ENSP00000345728.6

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 23

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000182 AC: 20 AN: 1098120 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000193 AC XY: 7 AN XY: 363554

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26397

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 35201

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 19384

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 30206

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 54143

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 40534

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4132

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000238 AC: 20 AN: 842036

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 46087

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 23

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Uncertain:1

Nov 25, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The c.449T>G (p.L150R) alteration is located in exon 1 (coding exon 1) of the PGAM4 gene. This alteration results from a T to G substitution at nucleotide position 449, causing the leucine (L) at amino acid position 150 to be replaced by an arginine (R). Based on insufficient or conflicting evidence, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.17
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.11	D
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.090
CADD	Benign	19
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.33	T
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.65	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D
M_CAP	Benign	0.013	T
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.81	D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	-0.16	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.7	M
PhyloP100		6.4
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.77	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-4.7	D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.46
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.034	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.69
MutPred		0.55		Gain of phosphorylation at S152 (P = 0.0572);
MVP		0.84
MPC		1.6
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		0.12
PromoterAI		0.0092	Neutral
Varity_R		0.89
gMVP		0.87
Mutation Taster		=77/23	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

hg19: chrX-77224687;