NM_001368894.2:c.19G>C

Variant names:

• chr11-31802826-C-G
• rs1131692285
• NM_001368894.2:c.19G>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 8 ACMG points: 8P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP2 PP3_Moderate PP5

The NM_001368894.2(PAX6):​c.19G>C​(p.Gly7Arg) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (no stars). Another nucleotide change resulting in the same amino acid substitution has been previously reported as Uncertain significance in ClinVar. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G7V) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
• Consequence: PAX6 NM_001368894.2 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic no assertion criteria provided P:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 5.02
• Publications: 2 publications found

Genes affected

PAX6 (HGNC:8620): (paired box 6) This gene encodes paired box protein Pax-6, one of many human homologs of the Drosophila melanogaster gene prd. In addition to a conserved paired box domain, a hallmark feature of this gene family, the encoded protein also contains a homeobox domain. Both domains are known to bind DNA and function as regulators of gene transcription. Activity of this protein is key in the development of neural tissues, particularly the eye. This gene is regulated by multiple enhancers located up to hundreds of kilobases distant from this locus. Mutations in this gene or in the enhancer regions can cause ocular disorders such as aniridia and Peter's anomaly. Use of alternate promoters and alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Interestingly, inclusion of a particular alternate coding exon has been shown to increase the length of the paired box domain and alter its DNA binding specificity. Consequently, isoforms that carry the shorter paired box domain regulate a different set of genes compared to the isoforms carrying the longer paired box domain. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2019]

PAX6 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• aniridia 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• PAX6-related ocular dysgenesis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• Peters anomaly

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Orphanet
• diabetes mellitus

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• aniridia-cerebellar ataxia-intellectual disability syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• autosomal dominant keratitis

  Inheritance: AD, Unknown Classification: SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• foveal hypoplasia-presenile cataract syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• isolated aniridia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• isolated optic nerve hypoplasia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 8 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 3 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 3 uncertain in NM_001368894.2
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in the PAX6 gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 75 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 15 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 2.8175 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.256 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Peters anomaly, diabetes mellitus, aniridia-cerebellar ataxia-intellectual disability syndrome, foveal hypoplasia-presenile cataract syndrome, aniridia 1, PAX6-related ocular dysgenesis, coloboma, ocular, autosomal dominant, isolated optic nerve hypoplasia, autosomal dominant keratitis, isolated aniridia.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.901
• PP5: Variant 11-31802826-C-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr11-31802826-C-G is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 430973.Status of the report is no_assertion_criteria_provided, 0 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_001368894.2. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	PAX6	NM_001368894.2	MANE Select	c.19G>C	p.Gly7Arg	missense	Exon 5 of 14	NP_001355823.1	P26367-2
	PAX6	NM_001368910.2		c.262G>C	p.Gly88Arg	missense	Exon 6 of 14	NP_001355839.1
	PAX6	NM_001368911.2		c.22G>C	p.Gly8Arg	missense	Exon 2 of 10	NP_001355840.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	PAX6	ENST00000640368.2	TSL:5 MANE Select	c.19G>C	p.Gly7Arg	missense	Exon 5 of 14	ENSP00000492024.1	P26367-2
	PAX6	ENST00000419022.6	TSL:1	c.19G>C	p.Gly7Arg	missense	Exon 5 of 14	ENSP00000404100.1	P26367-2
	PAX6	ENST00000638914.3	TSL:1	c.19G>C	p.Gly7Arg	missense	Exon 5 of 14	ENSP00000492315.2	P26367-2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 31

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Revision: no assertion criteria provided

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
1	-	-	Aniridia 1 (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.28	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.17
CADD	Pathogenic	27
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.96	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.65
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.63
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.97	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.89	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.90	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.6	L
PhyloP100		5.0
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.91	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.7	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.78
Sift	Uncertain	0.0050	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.52
MutPred		0.59		Gain of MoRF binding (P = 6e-04)
MVP		0.93
MPC		3.6
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		4.9
PromoterAI		0.011	Neutral
Varity_R		0.94
gMVP		0.84
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1131692285; hg19: chr11-31824374;