NM_001368894.2:c.424C>A

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 11 ACMG points: 11P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP2PP3_Strong

The NM_001368894.2(PAX6):c.424C>A(p.Arg142Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R142H) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: not found (cov: 32)

Consequence

PAX6
NM_001368894.2 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 9.11

Publications

22 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

PAX6 (HGNC:8620): (paired box 6) This gene encodes paired box protein Pax-6, one of many human homologs of the Drosophila melanogaster gene prd. In addition to a conserved paired box domain, a hallmark feature of this gene family, the encoded protein also contains a homeobox domain. Both domains are known to bind DNA and function as regulators of gene transcription. Activity of this protein is key in the development of neural tissues, particularly the eye. This gene is regulated by multiple enhancers located up to hundreds of kilobases distant from this locus. Mutations in this gene or in the enhancer regions can cause ocular disorders such as aniridia and Peter's anomaly. Use of alternate promoters and alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Interestingly, inclusion of a particular alternate coding exon has been shown to increase the length of the paired box domain and alter its DNA binding specificity. Consequently, isoforms that carry the shorter paired box domain regulate a different set of genes compared to the isoforms carrying the longer paired box domain. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2019]

PAX6 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

aniridia 1
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
PAX6-related ocular dysgenesis
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
Peters anomaly
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: PanelApp Australia, G2P, Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
coloboma, ocular, autosomal dominant
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: PanelApp Australia
diabetes mellitus
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
aniridia-cerebellar ataxia-intellectual disability syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
foveal hypoplasia-presenile cataract syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
isolated aniridia
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
isolated optic nerve hypoplasia
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
autosomal dominant keratitis
Inheritance: Unknown, AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet

PAX6 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 11 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 7 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 3 uncertain in NM_001368894.2

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr11-31800831-C-T is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 800435.Status of the report is no_assertion_criteria_provided, 0 stars.

PP2

Missense variant in the PAX6 gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 75 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 15 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 2.8175 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.256 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Peters anomaly, diabetes mellitus, aniridia-cerebellar ataxia-intellectual disability syndrome, foveal hypoplasia-presenile cataract syndrome, aniridia 1, PAX6-related ocular dysgenesis, coloboma, ocular, autosomal dominant, isolated optic nerve hypoplasia, autosomal dominant keratitis, isolated aniridia.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.979

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PAX6	NM_001368894.2 link	c.424C>A	p.Arg142Ser	missense_variant	Exon 8 of 14	ENST00000640368.2	NP_001355823.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PAX6	ENST00000640368.2 link	c.424C>A	p.Arg142Ser	missense_variant	Exon 8 of 14	5	NM_001368894.2	ENSP00000492024.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

Cov.:

GnomAD4 exome

Cov.:

GnomAD4 genome

Cov.:

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not specified

Uncertain:1

Sep 22, 2017

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The R128S variant in the PAX6 gene. has not been reported previously as a pathogenic variant, nor as a benign variant, to our knowledge. This variant is not observed in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016). The R128S variant is a semi-conservative amino acid substitution, which may impact secondary protein structure as these residues differ in some properties. This substitution occurs at a position that is conserved across species. In silico analysis predicts this variant is probably damaging to the protein structure/function. Missense variants at the same residue (R128C, R128P) have been reported in association with PAX6-related disorders (Azuma et al., 1996; Bredrup et al., 2008), supporting the functional importance of this region of the protein. We interpret R128S as a variant of uncertain significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

1.0

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.56

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.56

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.99

.;.;.;D;D;D;D;D;.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;.

Eigen

Uncertain

0.31

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.37

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

0.99

.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;D;D;.;D;D;D;D;D;D;.;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.81

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.98

D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.2

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.2

.;.;.;M;M;M;M;M;.;M;.;.;.;.;.;.;M;.;.;M;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.

PhyloP100

9.1

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.90

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-5.1

.;.;D;.;.;.;D;D;D;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.92

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

.;.;D;.;.;.;D;D;D;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.0080

D;.;D;.;.;.;D;.;D;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.

Polyphen

0.12

.;.;.;B;B;B;B;B;.;B;.;.;.;.;.;.;B;.;.;B;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.

Vest4

0.96

MutPred

0.89

.;.;.;Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);.;Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);.;.;.;.;.;Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);.;.;Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);.;.;.;Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);.;.;.;.;Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0262);.;.;.;

MVP

0.99

MPC

1.3

ClinPred

1.0

GERP RS

3.8

Varity_R

0.98

gMVP

0.97

Mutation Taster

=0/100

disease causing

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

You must be logged in to view publications. This limit was set because tens of millions (!) of queries from AI bots are generated daily.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over