NM_002691.4:c.1681C>G

Variant names:

• chr19-50407169-C-G
• rs368738479
• NM_002691.4:c.1681C>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 6 ACMG points: 6P and 0B. PM2 PP3_Strong

The NM_002691.4(POLD1):​c.1681C>G​(p.Arg561Gly) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R561Q) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
• Consequence: POLD1 NM_002691.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.19
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

POLD1 (HGNC:9175): (DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit) This gene encodes the 125-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

POLD1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• POLD1-related polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
• mandibular hypoplasia-deafness-progeroid syndrome

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, G2P
• Polymerase proofreading-related adenomatous polyposis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• immunodeficiency 120

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• non-severe combined immunodeficiency due to polymerase delta deficiency

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 6 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.949

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_002691.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	POLD1	NM_002691.4	MANE Select	c.1681C>G	p.Arg561Gly	missense	Exon 13 of 27	NP_002682.2
	POLD1	NM_001308632.1		c.1681C>G	p.Arg561Gly	missense	Exon 12 of 26	NP_001295561.1
	POLD1	NM_001256849.1		c.1681C>G	p.Arg561Gly	missense	Exon 13 of 27	NP_001243778.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	POLD1	ENST00000440232.7	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.1681C>G	p.Arg561Gly	missense	Exon 13 of 27	ENSP00000406046.1
	POLD1	ENST00000595904.6	TSL:1	c.1681C>G	p.Arg561Gly	missense	Exon 13 of 27	ENSP00000472445.1
	POLD1	ENST00000599857.7	TSL:1	c.1681C>G	p.Arg561Gly	missense	Exon 13 of 27	ENSP00000473052.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 31

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10 Uncertain:1

Apr 25, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 561 of the POLD1 protein (p.Arg561Gly). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with POLD1-related conditions. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt POLD1 protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

May 10, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.R561G variant (also known as c.1681C>G), located in coding exon 12 of the POLD1 gene, results from a C to G substitution at nucleotide position 1681. The arginine at codon 561 is replaced by glycine, an amino acid with dissimilar properties. This amino acid position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, the in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this variant remains unclear.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.97
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.23	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.090
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.41	T
Eigen	Uncertain	0.52
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.34
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.78	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.97	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.37	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.95	D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.61	T
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.1	H
PhyloP100		2.2
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.56	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.9	D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.41
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0010	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.94
MutPred		0.74		Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0093)
MVP		0.67
MPC		1.8
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		2.8
Varity_R		0.87
gMVP		0.90
Mutation Taster		=19/81	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.14		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs368738479; hg19: chr19-50910426;