NM_002878.4:c.878C>T

Variant names:

• chr17-35101226-G-A
• rs769732230
• NM_002878.4:c.878C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. Variant got -7 ACMG points: 0P and 7B. BP4_Moderate BP6 BS2

The NM_002878.4(RAD51D):​c.878C>T​(p.Ala293Val) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000304 in 1,614,014 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 14/20 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000026 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000031 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: RAD51D NM_002878.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:8 B:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.374

Genes affected

RAD51D (HGNC:9823): (RAD51 paralog D) The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, which are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein forms a complex with several other members of the RAD51 family, including RAD51L1, RAD51L2, and XRCC2. The protein complex formed with this protein has been shown to catalyze homologous pairing between single- and double-stranded DNA, and is thought to play a role in the early stage of recombinational repair of DNA. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream ring finger and FYVE-like domain containing 1 (RFFL) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

ENSG00000267618 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Benign. Variant got -7 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.14502504).
• BP6: Variant 17-35101226-G-A is Benign according to our data. Variant chr17-35101226-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 187161.We mark this variant Likely_benign, oryginal submissions are: {Likely_benign=2, Uncertain_significance=7}.
• BS2: High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 45 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
RAD51D	NM_002878.4	c.878C>T	p.Ala293Val	missense_variant	Exon 9 of 10	ENST00000345365.11	NP_002869.3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
RAD51D	ENST00000345365.11	c.878C>T	p.Ala293Val	missense_variant	Exon 9 of 10	1	NM_002878.4	ENSP00000338790.6
ENSG00000267618	ENST00000593039.5	c.401C>T	p.Ala134Val	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 7	2		ENSP00000466834.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000263 AC: 4 AN: 152146 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.000193

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000441

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000278 AC: 7 AN: 251396 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000294 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 135882

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.000109

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.0000653

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000163

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000308 AC: 45 AN: 1461868 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.0000303 AC XY: 22 AN XY: 727230

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000504

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.0000464

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000279

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.000116

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000263 AC: 4 AN: 152146 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000135 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74336

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.000193

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.0000441

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Bravo AF: 0.0000453

ExAC AF: 0.0000165 AC: 2

EpiCase AF: 0.00

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:8 Benign:4

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Breast-ovarian cancer, familial, susceptibility to, 4 Uncertain:3 Benign:1

Jun 22, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jan 23, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with valine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 293 of the RAD51D protein (p.Ala293Val). This variant is present in population databases (rs769732230, gnomAD 0.01%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with breast cancer (PMID: 34326862). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 187161). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt RAD51D protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. RNA analysis performed to evaluate the impact of this missense change on mRNA splicing indicates it does not significantly alter splicing (internal data). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Dec 13, 2024

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is considered likely benign. This variant is strongly associated with less severe personal and family histories of cancer, typical for individuals without pathogenic variants in this gene [PMID: 25085752]. -

-

Neuberg Centre For Genomic Medicine, NCGM

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The missense c.878C>T p.Ala293Val variant in the RAD51D gene has not been reported previously reported in individuals with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. This variant is reported with the allele frequency 0.002% in the gnomAD Exomes and novel in 1000 Genomes. This variant has been reported to the ClinVar database as Likely Benign/ Uncertain Significance multiple submissions. The amino acid Alanine at position 293 is changed to a Valine changing protein sequence and it might alter its composition and physico-chemical properties. The amino acid change p.Ala293Val in RAD51D is predicted as conserved by PhyloP across 100 vertebrates. Further studies are required to prove the pathogenicity of the variant. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Uncertain Significance. -

not provided Uncertain:3

-

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

The RAD51D p.Ala293Val variant was identified in the literature however the frequency of this variant in an affected population was not provided. The variant was also identified in the following databases: dbSNP (ID: rs769732230) as "With Uncertain significance allele", ClinVar (3x uncertain significance, 1x likely benign), and Clinvitae. The variant was not identified in the Cosmic database. The variant was identified in control databases in 8 of 277146 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.00003 (Genome Aggregation Database Feb 27, 2017). It was observed in the following populations: “Other” in 1 of 6466 chromosomes (freq: 0.0002), European in 3 of 126652 chromosomes (freq: 0.00002), East Asian in 2 of 18868 chromosomes (freq: 0.0001), and South Asian in 2 of 30782 chromosomes (freq: 0.00007). The variant was not observed in the African, Latino, Ashkenazi Jewish, or Finnish populations. The p.Ala293 residue is not conserved in mammals and four out of five computational analyses (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, AlignGVGD, BLOSUM, MutationTaster) do not suggest a high likelihood of impact to the protein; however, this information is not predictive enough to rule out pathogenicity. The variant occurs outside of the splicing consensus sequence and 4 of 5 in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer, HumanSpliceFinder) predict a greater than 10% difference in splicing. However, this information is not predictive enough to assume pathogenicity. In summary, based on the above information the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time. This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance. -

Jan 03, 2024

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Observed in an individual with a personal and family history of breast cancer who also carried variants in the PALB2 and FANCC genes (PMID: 34326862); Observed in healthy controls but absent from ovarian cancer cases, and present in both cases and controls in a breast cancer study (PMID: 26261251, 33471991); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 32863928, 33471991, 21111057, 14704354, 19327148, 26261251, 34326862) -

Oct 24, 2024

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The RAD51D c.878C>T (p.Ala293Val) variant has been reported in individuals with gastric cancer (PMID: 32863928 (2020)) and breast cancer (PMID: 34326862 (2021), 32885271 (2021), 33471991 (2021), see also LOVD (http://databases.lovd.nl/shared)). This variant has also been identified in reportedly healthy unaffected individuals (PMID: 26261251 (2015), 33471991 (2021), see also LOVD (http://databases.lovd.nl/shared)). The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.000023 (3/129114 chromosomes (Genome Aggregation Database, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)), is uninformative in the assessment of its pathogenicity. Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1 Benign:2

Sep 19, 2024

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Aug 23, 2018

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Feb 21, 2022

Sema4, Sema4

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: curation

- -

not specified Uncertain:1

Nov 29, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: RAD51D c.878C>T (p.Ala293Val) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4, C-terminal domain (IPR047323) of the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 2.7e-05 in 363862 control chromosomes (gnomAD, Song_2015, Dorling_2021). This frequency is not significantly higher than estimated for a pathogenic variant in RAD51D causing Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (2.7e-05 vs 0.00013), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.878C>T has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with breast cancer or gastric cancer, as well as unaffected controls (e.g. Hu_2020, Dorling_2021, Lim_2023). These reports do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 34326862, 33471991, 32863928, 36315097, 26261251). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 187161). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

RAD51D-related disorder Benign:1

Jan 21, 2020

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is classified as likely benign based on ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation guidelines (Richards et al. 2015 PMID: 25741868, with internal and published modifications). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.10
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.40	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.59
CADD	Benign	2.8
DANN	Benign	0.79
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.18	.;.;.;T;T;.;.;.
Eigen	Benign	-1.3
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.4
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.046	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.76	T;T;T;.;T;T;T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.021	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.15	T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.86	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.4	.;.;.;L;L;.;.;.
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.6	.;.;.;N;.;.;.;.
REVEL	Benign	0.17
Sift	Benign	0.32	.;.;.;T;.;.;.;.
Sift4G	Benign	0.36	T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.88, 0.88	.;.;.;P;P;P;.;.
Vest4		0.23
MVP		0.061
MPC		0.41
ClinPred		0.044	T
GERP RS		-6.8
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.027
gMVP		0.52

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs769732230; hg19: chr17-33428245; COSMIC: COSV60004228; COSMIC: COSV60004228;