NM_002880.4:c.709G>A

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points: 3P and 5B. PM1PP2BP4BS2

The NM_002880.4(RAF1):c.709G>A(p.Ala237Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000062 in 1,613,866 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000055 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

RAF1
NM_002880.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:2U:3

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.50

Variant links:

Genes affected

RAF1 (HGNC:9829): (Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAF1 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points.

PM1

In a compositionally_biased_region Polar residues (size 47) in uniprot entity RAF1_HUMAN there are 14 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_002880.4

PP2

Missense variant in the RAF1 gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 47 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 39 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 2.4628 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.4185 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Noonan syndrome 5, dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, Noonan syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy, LEOPARD syndrome 2, Costello syndrome.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.27905536).

BS2

High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 8 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
RAF1	NM_002880.4 link	c.709G>A	p.Ala237Thr	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 17	ENST00000251849.9	NP_002871.1	P04049-1L7RRS6

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
RAF1	ENST00000251849.9 link	c.709G>A	p.Ala237Thr	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 17	1	NM_002880.4	ENSP00000251849.4		P04049-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000132

AC:

AN:

152016

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000159

AC:

AN:

251336

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000221

AC XY:

AN XY:

135836

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000579

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000547

AC:

AN:

1461850

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000688

AC XY:

AN XY:

727226

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.0000447

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000540

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000132

AC:

AN:

152016

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74252

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000712

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.00000378

ExAC

AF:

0.0000165

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.0000545

EpiControl

AF:

0.000119

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN

Pathogenic:1

Jun 01, 2014

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Noonan syndrome 5

Pathogenic:1

Oct 02, 2021

3billion, Medical Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Same nucleotide change resulting in same amino acid change has been previously reported as pathogenic/likely pathogenic with supporting evidence (PMID: 31589614, 24777450, PS1_P). It is observed at an extremely low frequency in the gnomAD v2.1.1 dataset (total allele frequency: 0.0000176, PM2). Missense changes are a common disease-causing mechanism (PP2). In silico tool predictions suggest damaging effect of the variant on gene or gene product (REVEL: 0.682, PP3). Patient's phenotype is considered compatible with Rasopathy (3billlion dataset, PP4).Therefore, this variant is classified as pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline. -

not specified

Uncertain:1

Dec 27, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: RAF1 c.709G>A (p.Ala237Thr) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 1.6e-05 in 251336 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.709G>A has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Cardiomyopathy (Dhandapany_2014, Mazzaccara_2022). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Noonan Syndrome. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function, and shows a mild increase in kinase activity (Dhandapany_2014). The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 24777450, 36291626). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 142299). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

not provided

Uncertain:1

Jan 03, 2020

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Identified in an adult patient with dilated cardiomyopathy but no other features consistent with a RASopathy disorder (Dhandapany et al., 2014); The majority of missense variants in this gene are considered pathogenic (Stenson et al., 2014); In silico analysis, which includes protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, supports that this variant does not alter protein structure/function; Published functional studies showed increased RAF1 kinase activity but uncertain effects downstream in the RAS/MAPK signaling (Dhandapany et al., 2014); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 31589614, 24777450) -

RASopathy

Uncertain:1

Jul 15, 2022

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with threonine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 237 of the RAF1 protein (p.Ala237Thr). This variant is present in population databases (rs587777588, gnomAD 0.006%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with dilated cardiomyopathy (PMID: 24777450). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 142299). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Align-GVGD) all suggest that this variant is likely to be tolerated. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects RAF1 function (PMID: 24777450). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.084

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.065

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.15

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Benign

0.96

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.36

T;.;T

Eigen

Benign

0.0066

Eigen_PC

Benign

0.15

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.92

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.94

D;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.13

MetaRNN

Benign

0.28

T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.68

MutationAssessor

Benign

2.0

M;M;.

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.65

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.68

N;N;N

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.68

Sift

Benign

0.56

T;T;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.35

T;T;T

Polyphen

0.31

B;.;.

Vest4

0.69

MutPred

0.20

Gain of glycosylation at T234 (P = 0.0086);Gain of glycosylation at T234 (P = 0.0086);.;

MVP

0.73

MPC

0.45

ClinPred

0.22

GERP RS

5.7

Varity_R

0.20

gMVP

0.58

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.040

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over