NM_002880.4:c.935T>C

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points: 0P and 2B. BP4BP5

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: The c.935T>C (p.Val312Ala) variant in the RAF1 gene is a missense variant predicted to cause substitution of valine by alanine at amino acid 312. The computational predictor REVEL gives a score of 0.174, which is below the threshold of 0.3 and does not predict a damaging effect on RAF1 function (BP4). Additionally, this variant was identified in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease (BP5; GeneDx, Partners LMM internal data; GTR ID's: 26957, 21766; ClinVar SCV000200036.4; SCV000209006.12). In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as likely benign for autosomal dominant RASopathies based on the ACMG/AMP criteria applied, as specified by the ClinGen RASopathy Variant Curation Expert Panel: BP4, BP5. (Specification Version 2.3, 12/3/2024) LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA177679/MONDO:0021060/040

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000092 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000083 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

RAF1
NM_002880.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Likely benign reviewed by expert panel U:2B:5

Conservation

PhyloP100: 4.42

Publications

9 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

RAF1 (HGNC:9829): (Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAF1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

Noonan syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, ClinGen
Noonan syndrome 5
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, PanelApp Australia, G2P
dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
LEOPARD syndrome 2
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Orphanet, ClinGen
cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen
Costello syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

RAF1 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points.

BP4

For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

BP5

For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
RAF1	NM_002880.4 link	c.935T>C	p.Val312Ala	missense_variant	Exon 9 of 17	ENST00000251849.9	NP_002871.1	P04049-1L7RRS6

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
RAF1	ENST00000251849.9 link	c.935T>C	p.Val312Ala	missense_variant	Exon 9 of 17	1	NM_002880.4	ENSP00000251849.4		P04049-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000920

AC:

AN:

152172

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000241

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.000262

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00115

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000588

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.000479

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000151

AC:

AN:

251364

AF XY:

0.000162

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0000615

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000116

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00139

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.0000462

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000114

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000163

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000835

AC:

122

AN:

1461882

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000990

AC XY:

AN XY:

727244

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33478

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000134

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.000995

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.0000348

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.0000187

AC:

AN:

53420

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.000520

AC:

AN:

5766

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000612

AC:

AN:

1112008

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000248

AC:

AN:

60392

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.476

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000920

AC:

AN:

152172

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000108

AC XY:

AN XY:

74316

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000241

AC:

AN:

41446

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000262

AC:

AN:

15284

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00115

AC:

AN:

3468

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5188

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4838

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10602

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000588

AC:

AN:

68030

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000479

AC:

AN:

2088

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.504

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.000202

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000793

TwinsUK

AF:

0.00

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.000259

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000116

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000157

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000218

EpiControl

AF:

0.000178

ClinVar

Significance: Likely benign

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2Benign:5

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not specified

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Dec 05, 2013

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The Val312Ala variant in RAF1 has not been previously reported in other families with clinical features of Noonan spectrum disorders, but has been identified in 1/8600 European American chromosomes by the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project (htt p://evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS). Of note, another variant at this position, Val31 2Gly, has been identified in one fetus with abnormal ultrasound findings and a n ormal karyotype (Croonen 2013). Valine (Val) at position 312 is not conserved in mammals or across evolutionarily distant species, and several mammals and other species (including cow, sheep, antelope, and fish species) have an alanine (Ala ) at this position, suggesting that this change may be tolerated. Other computat ional analyses (biochemical amino acid properties, AlignGVGD, PolyPhen2, and SIF T) suggest that the Val312Ala variant may not impact the protein. In summary, ad ditional information is needed to fully assess the clinical significance of the Val312Ala variant. -

Sep 04, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: RAF1 c.935T>C (p.Val312Ala) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00015 in 251364 control chromosomes. The observed variant frequency is approximately 6 fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in RAF1 causing Noonan Syndrome And Related Conditions phenotype (2.5e-05). c.935T>C has been reported in the literature in at-least one individual affected with Noonan Syndrome And Related Conditions (examples:Hakami_2016). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Noonan Syndrome And Related Conditions. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 26918529, 27974047). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 40612). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely benign. -

RASopathy

Benign:2

Jan 06, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Dec 03, 2024

ClinGen RASopathy Variant Curation Expert Panel

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:reviewed by expert panel

Collection Method:curation

The c.935T>C (p.Val312Ala) variant in the RAF1 gene is a missense variant predicted to cause substitution of valine by alanine at amino acid 312. The computational predictor REVEL gives a score of 0.174, which is below the threshold of 0.3 and does not predict a damaging effect on RAF1 function (BP4). Additionally, this variant was identified in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease (BP5; GeneDx, Partners LMM internal data; GTR ID's: 26957, 21766; ClinVar SCV000200036.4; SCV000209006.12). In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as likely benign for autosomal dominant RASopathies based on the ACMG/AMP criteria applied, as specified by the ClinGen RASopathy Variant Curation Expert Panel: BP4, BP5. (Specification Version 2.3, 12/3/2024) -

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1

Uncertain:1

Dec 30, 2019

Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Montreal Heart Institute

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not provided

Benign:1

Feb 01, 2021

GeneDx

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Observed in a newborn with a suspected Noonan spectrum disorder in published literature (Hakami et al., 2016); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 31032133, 27974047, 26918529) -

Cardiovascular phenotype

Benign:1

Jun 21, 2019

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.083

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.32

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.45

CADD

Benign

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.24

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.34

T;.;T

Eigen

Benign

-0.55

Eigen_PC

Benign

-0.28

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.89

LIST_S2

Benign

0.38

T;T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.028

MetaRNN

Benign

0.020

T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.0

MutationAssessor

Benign

-0.83

N;.;.

PhyloP100

4.4

PrimateAI

Benign

0.38

PROVEAN

Benign

0.30

N;N;N

REVEL

Benign

0.17

Sift

Benign

0.97

T;T;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.84

T;T;T

Polyphen

0.0

B;.;.

Vest4

0.16

MVP

0.30

MPC

0.56

ClinPred

0.023

GERP RS

4.5

Varity_R

0.070

gMVP

0.45

Mutation Taster

=54/46

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over