NM_004004.6:c.283G>C

Variant names:

• chr13-20189299-C-G
• rs111033299
• NM_004004.6:c.283G>C
• GJB2 p.Val95Leu

GermlineCancer (beta)

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic.

+7 Likely Pathogenic

-7

-6

-1

0

+5

+6

+9

+10

BenignB

Likely BenignLB

UncertainVUS

Likely PathogenicLP

PathogenicP

The variant received 7 classification points (ACMG Germline Pathogenicity v2019). PM1PM2PM5PP3

The NM_004004.6(GJB2):c.283G>C (p.Val95Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant is absent from the gnomAD population database at sites with sufficient sequencing coverage. In-silico predictor (REVEL) classifies this variant as likely damaging/oncogenic. Splicing prediction tools (SpliceAI) predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain Significance (★). A different missense at the same amino acid position has been reported as Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic in ClinVar: p.V95M: Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic (ClinVar VariationId 44735, 2 stars)

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
• Consequence: GJB2 NM_004004.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: VUS-low criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.15
• Publications: 37 publications found

Genes affected

GJB2 (HGNC:4284): (gap junction protein beta 2) This gene encodes a member of the gap junction protein family (gap junction beta 2) but is more commonly known as connexin 26. The gap junctions were first characterized by electron microscopy as regionally specialized structures on plasma membranes of contacting adherent cells. These structures were shown to consist of cell-to-cell channels that facilitate the transfer of ions and small molecules between cells. Connexins form hexameric channels in the plasma membrane which regulate passage of ions and small molecules between the cell and its environment or, when joined with another cell, form a dodecameric intercellular gap junction channel. The connexin proteins are grouped into alpha, beta, and gamma subfamilies. Mutations in this gene are responsible for as much as 50% of pre-lingual, recessive deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2026]

GJB2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Bart-Pumphrey syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• hearing loss disorder

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• ichthyosis, hystrix-like, with hearing loss

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, G2P
• keratoderma hereditarium mutilans

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, G2P, Orphanet
• palmoplantar keratoderma-deafness syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, G2P, Orphanet
• autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1A

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: PanelApp Australia, G2P, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• autosomal dominant keratitis-ichthyosis-hearing loss syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, PanelApp Australia
• autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 3A

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia
• autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• KID syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• hearing loss, autosomal recessive

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ENSG00000296095 (HGNC:):

Classification according to ACMG Germline Pathogenicity v2019

Specifications for GJB2 are available in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry and recommended for reference when assigning criteria.

Classification was made for transcript:

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 7 points.

Apply	Criterion Code & Title / Strength	Strength	Rationale / Clinical Context
	PM1Mutational hot spot or critical domain		Missense neighbourhood hotspot (≥2 P/LP within ±8 AA, OR ≥ 5 vs. background) — PM1; In-domain: 0 pathogenic, 0 benign rare missense variants.; ±8 AA neighbourhood: 11 pathogenic, 0 benign (OR vs. background: 115.0).
	PM2Absent/extremely low in population databases		Absent from gnomAD (AD/XL gene) — PM2; Absent from gnomAD at well-covered site (MOI: AD+AR) (base 0.0001, raised to 0.0005 by highest known P/LP ClinVar AF 0.012) — PM2 moderate.
	PM5Novel missense at known pathogenic residue		Different pathogenic missense at same AA residue in ClinVar (PM5); ClinVar contains a germline Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic entry at the same amino acid position with a different amino acid change: p.V95M: Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic (ClinVar VariationId 44735, 2 stars)
	PP3Computational evidence supports damaging effect		Germline meta computational scorer (REVEL/MetaRNN/BayesDel) predicts damaging effect — supporting evidence (PP3); Splicing verdict: not pathogenic.; Germline computational verdict: pathogenic (Supporting).

Variant Effect in Transcripts

Automated classification analysis was done for transcript: NM_004004.6. You can select a different transcript below to see updated classification assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene / Transcript	Tags	HGVSc / HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	Protein / UniProt
	GJB2 NM_004004.6	MANE Select	c.283G>C p.Val95Leu	missense	Exon 2 of 2	Prot: NP_003995.2

GJB2 NM_004004.6

MANE Select

HGVSc / HGVSpc.283G>Cp.Val95Leu

Exon rankExon 2 of 2

missense

Prot: NP_003995.2

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene / Transcript	Tags	HGVSc / HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	Protein / UniProt
	GJB2 ENST00000382848.5	TSL:1MANE Select	c.283G>C p.Val95Leu	missense	Exon 2 of 2	Prot: ENSP00000372299.4 UniProt:
	GJB2 ENST00000382844.2	TSL:6	c.283G>C p.Val95Leu	missense	Exon 1 of 1	Prot: ENSP00000372295.1 UniProt:
	GJB2 ENST00000906230.1		c.283G>C p.Val95Leu	missense	Exon 2 of 2	Prot: ENSP00000576289.1 UniProt:

GJB2 ENST00000382848.5

TSL:1MANE Select

HGVSc / HGVSpc.283G>Cp.Val95Leu

Exon rankExon 2 of 2

missense

Prot: ENSP00000372299.4UniProt: P29033

GJB2 ENST00000382844.2

TSL:6

HGVSc / HGVSpc.283G>Cp.Val95Leu

Exon rankExon 1 of 1

missense

Prot: ENSP00000372295.1UniProt: P29033

GJB2 ENST00000906230.1

HGVSc / HGVSpc.283G>Cp.Val95Leu

Exon rankExon 2 of 2

missense

Prot: ENSP00000576289.1UniProt: P29033

Frequencies

Allele frequencies (AF), counts (AC/AN), homozygotes and coverage

Common (AF > 0.05 / Hom > 5)

Rare (AF ≤ 0.0001 / Hom ≤ 1)

Source / population	AF	AC	Hom	AN	Coverage
Global population databases 3 sources Large-scale international reference populations
GnomAD3 genomes	AF:	AC:	Hom:	AN:	Cov:33
GnomAD4 exome	AF:	AC:	Hom:	AN:	Cov:33
GnomAD4 genome	AF:	AC:	Hom:	AN:	Cov:33

Showing 3 sources

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: VUS-low

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
-	-	-	Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1A (1)

Computational Scores

Algorithm	Calibrated pred.	Score	Prediction
AlphaGenome AVI	Pathogenic	33
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.86
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.32	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.22
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.92	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.34
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.41
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.95	D
FuncVEP CTI	Pathogenic	0.84
GPN-Star LLR	N/A	-8.7
GPN-Star score	N/A	8.7
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.91	D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.24	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.91	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
Mutation Taster	N/A	36/64	disease causing
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.1	M
PhyloP100	Benign	2.2
popEVE	Benign	-3.1
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.66	T
PromoterAI	N/A	0.058	Neutral
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-2.8	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.77
Sift	Uncertain	0.0020	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0040	D
Varity_R	N/A	0.72
VESM-3B	Benign	-7.5

Showing 29 of 29 scores

Splicing Scores

Algorithm	Calibrated pred.	Score	Prediction
Pangolin (max)	Benign	0.0
SpliceAI score (max)	Benign	0.0	Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Showing 2 of 2 scores

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

MaxEntScan Visualizer can be used to analyze the impact of this mutation on the neighboring sequence.

MaveDB functional evidence

MaveDB is a public repository of laboratory assays that test the effect of thousands of variants at once — treat this as supporting research data and interpret it with great caution; it is not a clinical classification.

No MaveDB functional evidence found for this variant.

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs111033299;

hg19: chr13-20763438;

ACMG debug oncogenicity

ACGS debug oncogenicity

ACMG debug germline

Submit to ClinVar