NM_015166.4:c.634G>A

Variant names:

• chr22-50074296-C-T
• rs281875317
• NM_015166.4:c.634G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 24 ACMG points: 24P and 0B. PS1_Very_Strong PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_015166.4(MLC1):​c.634G>A​(p.Gly212Arg) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000137 in 1,461,788 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another nucleotide change resulting in the same amino acid substitution has been previously reported as Likely pathogenic in ClinVar. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G212E) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MLC1 NM_015166.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:6 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.90
• Publications: 6 publications found

Genes affected

MLC1 (HGNC:17082): (modulator of VRAC current 1) The function of this gene product is unknown; however, homology to other proteins suggests that it may be an integral membrane transporter. Mutations in this gene have been associated with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, an autosomal recessive neurological disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MLC1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, G2P, Myriad Women’s Health
• megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 24 ACMG points.

• PS1: Transcript NM_015166.4 (MLC1) is affected with MISSENSE_VARIANT having same AA change as one Pathogenic present in ClinVar.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr22-50074295-C-T is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 2737052.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.994
• PP5: Variant 22-50074296-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr22-50074296-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 68794.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_015166.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	MLC1	NM_015166.4	MANE Select	c.634G>A	p.Gly212Arg	missense	Exon 8 of 12	NP_055981.1
	MLC1	NM_001376472.1		c.634G>A	p.Gly212Arg	missense	Exon 7 of 11	NP_001363401.1
	MLC1	NM_001376473.1		c.634G>A	p.Gly212Arg	missense	Exon 9 of 13	NP_001363402.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	MLC1	ENST00000311597.10	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.634G>A	p.Gly212Arg	missense	Exon 8 of 12	ENSP00000310375.6
	MLC1	ENST00000395876.6	TSL:1	c.634G>A	p.Gly212Arg	missense	Exon 8 of 12	ENSP00000379216.2
	MLC1	ENST00000442311.1	TSL:5	c.544G>A	p.Gly182Arg	missense	Exon 7 of 8	ENSP00000401385.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00000399 AC: 1 AN: 250780 AF XY: 0.00000737

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00000883

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1461788 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727194

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33480

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44712

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39698

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86248

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53346

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 8.99e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1112006

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000166 AC: 1 AN: 60394

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

EpiCase AF: 0.00

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 Pathogenic:4

Dec 06, 2022

Rare Genetic Disease Lab, Dept of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai Malakand, Higher Education Govt. of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

Mar 22, 2022

3billion

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Same nucleotide change resulting in same amino acid change has been previously reported as pathogenic/likely pathogenic with strong evidence (ClinVar ID: VCV000068794,VCV000553381, PMID:11254442). The variant has been reported to be in trans with a pathogenic variant as either compound heterozygous or homozygous in at least 2 similarly affected unrelated individuals (PMID: 11254442, 21145992, 27322623). Functional assays showed that the variant had moderate level of impact on gene/protein function (PMID: 15367490, 18757878). Different pathogenic/likely pathogenic amino acid change has been reported with supporting evidence at the same codon (PMID:11935341). In silico tool predictions suggest damaging effect of the variant on gene or gene product (REVEL: 0.902>=0.6, 3CNET: 0.797>=0.75). The variant is observed at an extremely low frequency in the gnomAD v2.1.1 dataset (total allele frequency: 0.0000040). Therefore, this variant is classified as pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline.

Jul 22, 2016

Counsyl

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com.

Jan 02, 2024

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Criteria applied: PS1,PS3,PM3,PM5,PM2_SUP,PP4

not provided Pathogenic:1 Other:1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

Jun 28, 2022

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 212 of the MLC1 protein (p.Gly212Arg). This variant is present in population databases (rs281875317, gnomAD 0.0009%). This missense change has been observed in individuals with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (PMID: 11254442, 21145992, 27322623). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 68794). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt MLC1 protein function. Studies have shown that this missense change alters MLC1 gene expression (PMID: 18757878). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may create or strengthen a splice site. This variant disrupts the p.Gly212 amino acid residue in MLC1. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been observed in individuals with MLC1-related conditions (PMID: 11254442, 11935341, 21145992, 27322623), which suggests that this may be a clinically significant amino acid residue.

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts Pathogenic:1

May 05, 2023

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: MLC1 c.634G>A (p.Gly212Arg) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4e-06 in 250780 control chromosomes. c.634G>A has been reported in the literature in homozygous and compound heterozygous individuals affected with Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy With Subcortical Cysts 1 (Leegwater_2001, Yuzbasioglu_2011, Cao_2016) with second reported alleles both pathogenic and uncertain significance. These data indicate that the variant is likely to be associated with disease. One publication reports experimental evidence showing severely reduced (<10% WT levels) presence of the protein at the plasma membrane, however, does not allow convincing conclusions about the variant effect (Duarri_2008). The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 27322623, 18757878, 11254442, 21145992). Three clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. All laboratories classified the variant as pathogenic (n=2) or likely pathogenic (n=1). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely pathogenic.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.96
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.52	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.50
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.54	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.62
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.53
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.91	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.96	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.75	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.3	M
PhyloP100		6.9
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.69	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.1	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.90
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		1.0
MutPred		0.96		Loss of sheet (P = 0.007)
MVP		0.95
MPC		0.98
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.2
Varity_R		0.74
gMVP		0.88
Mutation Taster		=2/98	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.050		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs281875317; hg19: chr22-50512725;