NM_015338.6:c.1934dupG

Variant names:

• chr20-32434638-A-AG
• rs750318549
• NM_015338.6:c.1934dupG

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PVS1 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_015338.6(ASXL1):​c.1934dupG​(p.Gly646TrpfsTer12) variant causes a frameshift change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000428 in 1,601,778 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. There is a variant allele frequency bias in the population database for this variant (GnomAd4), which may indicate mosaicism or somatic mutations in the reference population data. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. G645G) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.00064 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.00041 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: ASXL1 NM_015338.6 frameshift
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:13 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.06
• Publications: 56 publications found

Genes affected

ASXL1 (HGNC:18318): (ASXL transcriptional regulator 1) This gene is similar to the Drosophila additional sex combs gene, which encodes a chromatin-binding protein required for normal determination of segment identity in the developing embryo. The protein is a member of the Polycomb group of proteins, which are necessary for the maintenance of stable repression of homeotic and other loci. The protein is thought to disrupt chromatin in localized areas, enhancing transcription of certain genes while repressing the transcription of other genes. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a ligand-dependent co-activator for retinoic acid receptor in cooperation with nuclear receptor coactivator 1. Mutations in this gene are associated with myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

ASXL1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Bohring-Opitz syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: PanelApp Australia, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Illumina, ClinGen, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, G2P, Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product does not undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. Variant is located in the 3'-most exon, not predicted to undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. There are 82 pathogenic variants in the truncated region.
• PP5: Variant 20-32434638-A-AG is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr20-32434638-A-AG is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 426927.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_015338.6. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	ASXL1	NM_015338.6	MANE Select	c.1934dupG	p.Gly646TrpfsTer12	frameshift	Exon 13 of 13	NP_056153.2
	ASXL1	NM_001363734.1		c.1751dupG	p.Gly585TrpfsTer12	frameshift	Exon 12 of 12	NP_001350663.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	ASXL1	ENST00000375687.10	TSL:5 MANE Select	c.1934dupG	p.Gly646TrpfsTer12	frameshift	Exon 13 of 13	ENSP00000364839.4
	ASXL1	ENST00000306058.9	TSL:1	c.1919dupG	p.Gly641TrpfsTer12	frameshift	Exon 12 of 12	ENSP00000305119.5
	ASXL1	ENST00000646985.1		c.1751dupG	p.Gly585TrpfsTer12	frameshift	Exon 12 of 12	ENSP00000495053.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.000644 AC: 97 AN: 150528 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.000220

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.000198

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00174

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.000781

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.000422

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.000382

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00101

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.000486

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.000525 AC: 112 AN: 213340 AF XY: 0.000452

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.000501

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.000287

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.000439

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.000439

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.000164

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.000686

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000916

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.000405 AC: 588 AN: 1451250 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.000525 AC XY: 379 AN XY: 721262

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Exomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.000241 AC: 8 AN: 33224

American (AMR) AF: 0.000297 AC: 13 AN: 43708

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.000154 AC: 4 AN: 25994

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.000331 AC: 13 AN: 39252

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.000280 AC: 24 AN: 85598

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.000758 AC: 39 AN: 51418

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.000175 AC: 1 AN: 5724

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.000421 AC: 466 AN: 1106398

Other (OTH) AF: 0.000334 AC: 20 AN: 59934

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD4 Exomes is highly skewed from 0.5 (p-value = 0), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.000644 AC: 97 AN: 150528 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.000613 AC XY: 45 AN XY: 73462

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.000220 AC: 9 AN: 40940

American (AMR) AF: 0.000198 AC: 3 AN: 15120

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00174 AC: 6 AN: 3450

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.000781 AC: 4 AN: 5122

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.000422 AC: 2 AN: 4740

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.000382 AC: 4 AN: 10468

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 312

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00101 AC: 68 AN: 67414

Other (OTH) AF: 0.000486 AC: 1 AN: 2058

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5. (p-value = 0), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

Alfa AF: 0.000632 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:13 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Bohring-Opitz syndrome Pathogenic:7

Jun 14, 2022

Laboratorio de Genetica e Diagnostico Molecular, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

ACMG classification criteria: PVS1 very strong, PS4 supporting, PM2 moderated, PM6 strong

Nov 10, 2023

Daryl Scott Lab, Baylor College of Medicine

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Mar 10, 2021

Equipe Genetique des Anomalies du Developpement, Université de Bourgogne

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Mar 25, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: ASXL1 c.1934dupG (p.Gly646TrpfsX12) located in the last exon results in a premature termination codon, predicted to cause a truncation of the encoded protein or absence of the protein due to nonsense mediated decay, which are commonly known mechanisms for disease. Truncations downstream of this position have been reported in association with Bohring-Opitz syndrome in the HGMD/LOVD databases. The frequency data for this variant in gnomAD is considered unreliable, as metrics indicate poor data quality at this position. c.1934dupG has been reported in the literature as a de-novo variant in at-least two individuals affected with Bohring-Opitz Syndrome (example, Kibe_2017, Urreizti_2018). As this variant is located in a homopolymer tract of guanines it is prone to replication slippage and could be overrepresented as sequencing artifacts. This variant has also been reported to be a common cancer-associated ASXL1 variant in settings of myeloid malignancies (Van Ness_2016). These data indicate that the variant may be associated with disease. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 426927). Based on the evidence outlined above, in settings where somatic mosaicism, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and technical artifacts of analysis are ruled out, the variant was classified as pathogenic in association with Bohring-Opitz Syndrome.

Aug 22, 2018

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was determined to be pathogenic according to ACMG Guidelines, 2015 [PMID:25741868].

Oct 03, 2022

Revvity Omics, Revvity

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Dec 18, 2020

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was identified as de novo (maternity and paternity confirmed).

not provided Pathogenic:3

Mar 12, 2025

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Frameshift variant predicted to result in abnormal protein length as the last 896 amino acid(s) are replaced with 11 different amino acid(s), and other similar variants have been reported in HGMD; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 35861108, 37432431, 30476936, 36751885, 37204857, 28832022, 33502020, 32381577, 28229513, 20596031, 20693432, 30013160, 29681105, 30147881, 35586607, 35361921, 37379307)

May 27, 2021

Athena Diagnostics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant causes a frameshift at codon 646 which results in the creation of a premature stop codon and the loss of 896 amino acids. Multiple truncating variants in this region have been reported in patients with Bohring-Opitz syndrome (PMID: 21706002, 28229513). This variant has been confirmed to occur de novo in multiple individuals with clinical features associated with this gene (PMID: 29681105, 30147881). This variant has been observed in the general population at a frequency higher than expected for a pathogenic variant in this gene. However, this frequency may represent acquired somatic mosaicism which has been reported to occur with age during hematopoietic clonal expansion of cells with pathogenic ASXL1 variants in healthy individuals. (https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/, PMID 28229513)This observation is not an independent occurrence and has been identified in the same individual by RCIGM, the other laboratory participating in the GEMINI study.

Feb 22, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Gly646Trpfs*12) in the ASXL1 gene. While this is not anticipated to result in nonsense mediated decay, it is expected to disrupt the last 896 amino acid(s) of the ASXL1 protein. The frequency data for this variant in the population databases is considered unreliable, as metrics indicate poor data quality at this position in the gnomAD database. This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with Bohring-Opitz syndrome (PMID: 29681105, 30147881). In at least one individual the variant was observed to be de novo. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 426927). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic.

ASXL1-related disorder Pathogenic:2

Jul 03, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

The ASXL1 c.1934dupG variant is predicted to result in a frameshift and premature protein termination (p.Gly646Trpfs*12). This variant has been reported as causative for Bohring-Opitz syndrome in two patients in the literature (Kibe et al. 2018. PubMed ID: 29681105; Urreizti et al. 2018. PubMed ID: 30147881). It has also been reported as a de novo finding in a patient tested at PreventionGenetics. This variant is present in gnomAD in 0.064% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD, but it fails data-quality filters, indicative of sequencing errors common to this type of homopolymer (repeat of G nucleotides). Heterozygous frameshift variants in ASXL1 are expected to be pathogenic for autosomal dominant Bohring-Opitz syndrome. This variant is interpreted as pathogenic.

Jan 01, 2024

Daryl Scott Lab, Baylor College of Medicine

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

PVS1, PS2, PS4

Abnormal brain morphology Pathogenic:1

Equipe Genetique des Anomalies du Developpement, Université de Bourgogne

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Neoplasm Other:1

Mar 04, 2025

Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital

Significance:

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
PhyloP100		6.1
Mutation Taster		=2/198	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs750318549; hg19: chr20-31022441; COSMIC: COSV60102155; COSMIC: COSV60102155;