NM_022168.4:c.3026C>G

Variant names:

• chr2-162267252-G-C
• rs1304821268
• NM_022168.4:c.3026C>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -4 ACMG points: 0P and 4B. BP4_Strong

The NM_022168.4(IFIH1):​c.3026C>G​(p.Thr1009Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000435 in 1,610,208 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 16/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. T1009A) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000041 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: IFIH1 NM_022168.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -0.755
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

IFIH1 (HGNC:18873): (interferon induced with helicase C domain 1) IFIH1 encodes MDA5 which is an intracellular sensor of viral RNA that triggers the innate immune response. Sensing RNA length and secondary structure, MDA5 binds dsRNA oligonucleotides with a modified DExD/H-box helicase core and a C-terminal domain, thus leading to a proinflammatory response that includes interferons. It has been shown that Coronaviruses (CoVs) as well as various other virus families, are capable of evading the MDA5-dependent interferon response, thus impeding the activation of the innate immune response to infection. MDA5 has also been shown to play an important role in enhancing natural killer cell function in malaria infection. In addition to its protective role in antiviral responses, MDA5 has been implicated in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

IFIH1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 7

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Illumina
• IFIH1-related type 1 interferonopathy

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• Singleton-Merten syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Singleton-Merten dysplasia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• immunodeficiency 95

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -4 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.05607891).

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_022168.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	IFIH1	NM_022168.4	MANE Select	c.3026C>G	p.Thr1009Arg	missense	Exon 16 of 16	NP_071451.2

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	IFIH1	ENST00000649979.2	MANE Select	c.3026C>G	p.Thr1009Arg	missense	Exon 16 of 16	ENSP00000497271.1	Q9BYX4-1
	IFIH1	ENST00000648433.1		c.2909C>G	p.Thr970Arg	missense	Exon 15 of 15	ENSP00000496816.1	A0A3B3IRK8
	IFIH1	ENST00000679938.1		c.2714C>G	p.Thr905Arg	missense	Exon 15 of 15	ENSP00000505518.1	A0A7P0Z4A9

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152226 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000241

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000412 AC: 6 AN: 1457982 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00000276 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 725052

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33242

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 43972

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26082

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39672

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 84902

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53394

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5560

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000540 AC: 6 AN: 1110914

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60244

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152226 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000134 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74358

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.0000241 AC: 1 AN: 41460

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15282

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3472

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5202

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4830

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10620

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 68038

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2094

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5. (p-value = 0), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Uncertain significance

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
-	1	-	Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 7;C4225427:Singleton-Merten syndrome 1 (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.083
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.26	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.61
CADD	Benign	1.3
DANN	Benign	0.18
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.028	T
Eigen	Benign	-1.0
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.95
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.073	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.66	T
M_CAP	Benign	0.011	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.056	T
MetaSVM	Benign	-1.0	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.3	L
PhyloP100		-0.76
PrimateAI	Benign	0.25	T
PROVEAN	Benign	0.63	N
REVEL	Benign	0.048
Sift	Benign	0.63	T
Sift4G	Benign	0.56	T
Polyphen		0.0020	B
Vest4		0.15
MutPred		0.57		Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0336)
MVP		0.31
MPC		0.026
ClinPred		0.024	T
GERP RS		1.2
Varity_R		0.091
gMVP		0.28
Mutation Taster		=97/3	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1304821268; hg19: chr2-163123762;