NM_033629.6:c.144delC

Variant names:

• chr3-48466792-GC-G
• rs748914604
• NM_033629.6:c.144delC

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points: 14P and 0B. PVS1_Strong PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_033629.6(TREX1):​c.144delC​(p.Thr49ProfsTer16) variant causes a frameshift change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000274 in 1,461,600 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000027 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: TREX1 NM_033629.6 frameshift
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.334

Genes affected

TREX1 (HGNC:12269): (three prime repair exonuclease 1) This gene encodes a nuclear protein with 3' exonuclease activity. The encoded protein may play a role in DNA repair and serve as a proofreading function for DNA polymerase. Mutations in this gene result in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, chilblain lupus, Cree encephalitis, and other diseases of the immune system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

ATRIP (HGNC:33499): (ATR interacting protein) This gene encodes an essential component of the DNA damage checkpoint. The encoded protein binds to single-stranded DNA coated with replication protein A. The protein also interacts with the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein kinase, resulting in its accumulation at intranuclear foci induced by DNA damage. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

ATRIP-TREX1 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product does not undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. Variant is located in the 3'-most exon, not predicted to undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. There are 16 pathogenic variants in the truncated region.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 3-48466792-GC-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr3-48466792-GC-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 1216160.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr3-48466792-GC-G is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chr3-48466792-GC-G is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TREX1	NM_033629.6	c.144delC	p.Thr49ProfsTer16	frameshift_variant	Exon 2 of 2	ENST00000625293.3	NP_338599.1
ATRIP	NM_130384.3	c.*1245delC		3_prime_UTR_variant	Exon 13 of 13	ENST00000320211.10	NP_569055.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TREX1	ENST00000625293.3	c.144delC	p.Thr49ProfsTer16	frameshift_variant	Exon 2 of 2	6	NM_033629.6	ENSP00000486676.2
ATRIP	ENST00000320211.10	c.*1245delC		3_prime_UTR_variant	Exon 13 of 13	1	NM_130384.3	ENSP00000323099.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000399 AC: 1 AN: 250864 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000736 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135778

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00000883

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000274 AC: 4 AN: 1461600 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000413 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 727100

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000270

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:2

Mar 01, 2025

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

TREX1: PVS1:Strong, PM2 -

Jul 20, 2018

GeneDx

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Frameshift variant in the C-terminus predicted to result in protein truncation, as the last 26 amino acids are lost and replaced with 15 incorrect amino acids [Human Gene Mutation Database / published literature] [(Stenson et al., 2014; other references)]; Not observed in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016); Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge -

TREX1-related disorder Pathogenic:1

Oct 07, 2023

Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This frameshift variant, also referred to as c.144del (p.Thr49fs), is found in the C-terminus of TREX1, therefore the resulting mRNA is predicted to escape nonsense-mediated decay, and is predicted to result in protein truncation. Frameshift variants located downstream of this variant have been reported as disease-causing variants in the literature (PMID: 25604658, 35551623) and ClinVar database. This variant has not been previously reported or functionally characterized in the literature to our knowledge. The c.309del (p.Thr104ProfsTer16) variant is absent from the gnomAD population database and thus is presumed to be rare. Analysis of the parental samples was negative for the variant, indicating this variant likely occurred as a de novo event. Based on the available evidence, c.309del (p.Thr104ProfsTer16) is classified as Pathogenic. -

Chilblain lupus 1;C0796126:Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 1;C1860518:Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations Pathogenic:1

Sep 09, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Thr49Profs*16) in the TREX1 gene. While this is not anticipated to result in nonsense mediated decay, it is expected to disrupt the last 266 amino acid(s) of the TREX1 protein. The frequency data for this variant in the population databases is considered unreliable, as metrics indicate poor data quality at this position in the gnomAD database. This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with TREX1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 1216160). This variant disrupts a region of the TREX1 protein in which other variant(s) (p.Arg164*) have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 16845398, 25604658). This suggests that this is a clinically significant region of the protein, and that variants that disrupt it are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs748914604; hg19: chr3-48508191;