NM_033629.6:c.294dupA

Variant names:

• chr3-48466947-C-CA
• rs760594164
• NM_033629.6:c.294dupA

GermlineCancer (beta)

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance.

0 Uncertain · Cold

-7

-6

-1

0

+5

+6

+9

+10

BenignB

Likely BenignLB

UncertainVUS

Likely PathogenicLP

PathogenicP

The variant received 0 classification points (ACGS-UK Somatic Oncogenicity v2025).

The NM_033629.6(TREX1):c.294dupA (p.Cys99MetfsTer3) variant causes a frameshift change. This is a loss-of-function variant that does not trigger NMD. The variant allele was found at a cumulative frequency of 0.0000168 (AC=27) in the gnomAD database across 1,611,878 control chromosomes (no homozygotes observed). The grpmax filtering allele frequency (95% CI) is 0.000634. Splicing prediction tools (SpliceAI) predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000046 (0 hom., cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: TREX1 NM_033629.6 frameshift
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -0.154
• Publications: 4 publications found

Genes affected

TREX1 (HGNC:12269): (three prime repair exonuclease 1) This gene encodes a nuclear protein with 3' exonuclease activity. The encoded protein may play a role in DNA repair and serve as a proofreading function for DNA polymerase. Mutations in this gene result in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, chilblain lupus, Cree encephalitis, and other diseases of the immune system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

TREX1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: PanelApp Australia, Ambry Genetics, ClinGen, Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AR, AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, PanelApp Australia
• TREX1-related type 1 interferonopathy

  Inheritance: AR, AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• chilblain lupus 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: PanelApp Australia, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp
• systemic lupus erythematosus

  Inheritance: AD, Unknown Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: PanelApp Australia, Orphanet
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• familial chilblain lupus

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ATRIP (HGNC:33499): (ATR interacting protein) This gene encodes an essential component of the DNA damage checkpoint. The encoded protein binds to single-stranded DNA coated with replication protein A. The protein also interacts with the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein kinase, resulting in its accumulation at intranuclear foci induced by DNA damage. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

ATRIP Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• breast cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: G2P
• Seckel syndrome

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: PanelApp Australia, Orphanet
• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ATRIP-TREX1 (HGNC:):

Classification according to ACGS-UK Somatic Oncogenicity v2025

Classification was made for transcript:

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 0 points.

Apply	Criterion Code & Title / Strength	Strength	Rationale / Clinical Context
No applied criteria Uncheck "Show applied only" above to review all 20 criteria.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

Automated classification analysis was done for transcript: NM_033629.6. You can select a different transcript below to see updated classification assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene / Transcript	Tags	HGVSc / HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	Protein / UniProt
	TREX1 NM_033629.6	MANE Select	c.294dupA p.Cys99MetfsTer3	frameshift	Exon 2 of 2	Prot: NP_338599.1 UniProt:
	ATRIP NM_130384.3	MANE Select	c.*1395dupA	3_prime_UTR	Exon 13 of 13	Prot: NP_569055.1 UniProt:
	TREX1 NM_007248.5		c.264dupA p.Cys89MetfsTer3	frameshift	Exon 2 of 2	Prot: NP_009179.2

TREX1 NM_033629.6

MANE Select

HGVSc / HGVSpc.294dupAp.Cys99MetfsTer3

Exon rankExon 2 of 2

frameshift

Prot: NP_338599.1UniProt: Q9NSU2-3

ATRIP NM_130384.3

MANE Select

HGVSc / HGVSpc.*1395dupA

Exon rankExon 13 of 13

3_prime_UTR

Prot: NP_569055.1UniProt: Q8WXE1-1

TREX1 NM_007248.5

HGVSc / HGVSpc.264dupAp.Cys89MetfsTer3

Exon rankExon 2 of 2

frameshift

Prot: NP_009179.2

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene / Transcript	Tags	HGVSc / HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	Protein / UniProt
	TREX1 ENST00000625293.3	TSL:6MANE Select	c.294dupA p.Cys99MetfsTer3	frameshift	Exon 2 of 2	Prot: ENSP00000486676.2 UniProt:
	TREX1 ENST00000444177.1	TSL:1	c.264dupA p.Cys89MetfsTer3	frameshift	Exon 2 of 2	Prot: ENSP00000415972.1 UniProt:
	TREX1 ENST00000433541.1	TSL:1	c.-124dupA	5_prime_UTR	Exon 4 of 4	Prot: ENSP00000412404.1 UniProt:

TREX1 ENST00000625293.3

TSL:6MANE Select

HGVSc / HGVSpc.294dupAp.Cys99MetfsTer3

Exon rankExon 2 of 2

frameshift

Prot: ENSP00000486676.2UniProt: Q9NSU2-3

TREX1 ENST00000444177.1

TSL:1

HGVSc / HGVSpc.264dupAp.Cys89MetfsTer3

Exon rankExon 2 of 2

frameshift

Prot: ENSP00000415972.1UniProt: Q9NSU2-2

TREX1 ENST00000433541.1

TSL:1

HGVSc / HGVSpc.-124dupA

Exon rankExon 4 of 4

5_prime_UTR

Prot: ENSP00000412404.1UniProt: C9J052

Frequencies

Allele frequencies (AF), counts (AC/AN), homozygotes and coverage

Common (AF > 0.05 / Hom > 5)

Rare (AF ≤ 0.0001 / Hom ≤ 1)

Source / population	AF	AC	Hom	AN	Coverage
Global population databases 6 sources Large-scale international reference populations
GnomAD3 genomes	AF: 0.0000460	AC:7	Hom:0	AN:152202	Cov:33
GnomAD2 exomes	AF: 0.0000721	AC:18	Hom:	AN:249622	Cov:
GnomAD4 exome	AF: 0.0000137	AC:20	Hom:0	AN:1459558	Cov:31
GnomAD4 genome	AF: 0.0000460	AC:7	Hom:0	AN:152320	Cov:33
TOPMed (Bravo)	AF: 0.0000491	AC:	Hom:	AN:	Cov:
ALFA (dbGaP/dbSNP Allele Frequency Aggregator)	AF: 0.00	AC:0	Hom:0	AN:23234	Cov:
Local & regional cohorts 2 sources Population-specific and national genomic databases
Korea4K (4,157 Koreans)	AF: 0.000276	AC:2	Hom:	AN:7234	Cov:
WBBC (Westlake BioBank for Chinese) pilot	AF: 0.00179	AC:16	Hom:0	AN:8960	Cov:

Showing 8 sources

Case/control cohorts

Cohort	Cases			Controls
	AF	AC	AN	AF	AC	AN
Epi25(Epilepsy)	0.000167	7	41958	0.0000150	1	66888
SCHEMA(Schizophrenia)	0.000216	22	101674	0.0000772	14	181456

Showing 2 cohortsAllele count / allele number. AF is computed from the counts for ASC (not provided by the source).

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
2	-	-	Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 1 (2)
1	-	-	Chilblain lupus 1;C0796126:Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 1;C1860518:Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (1)
1	-	-	not provided (1)
1	-	-	Systemic lupus erythematosus;C0024145:Chilblain lupus 1;C0796126:Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 1;C1860518:Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (1)

Computational Scores

Algorithm	Calibrated pred.	Score	Prediction
Mutation Taster	N/A	0/200	disease causing (ClinVar)
PhyloP100	Benign	-0.15

Showing 2 of 2 scores

Splicing Scores

Algorithm	Calibrated pred.	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)	Benign	0.050	Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Showing 1 of 1 scores

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

MaxEntScan Visualizer can be used to analyze the impact of this mutation on the neighboring sequence.

MaveDB functional evidence

MaveDB is a public repository of laboratory assays that test the effect of thousands of variants at once — treat this as supporting research data and interpret it with great caution; it is not a clinical classification.

No MaveDB functional evidence found for this variant.

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs760594164;

hg19: chr3-48508346;

ACMG debug oncogenicity

ACGS debug oncogenicity

ACMG debug germline

Submit to ClinVar