chr1-21563180-C-A

Position:

• chr1-21563180-C-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 9 ACMG points: 9P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong PP5

The NM_000478.6(ALPL):​c.368C>A​(p.Ala123Asp) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000137 in 1,461,634 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. A123A) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: ALPL NM_000478.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:3 U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.42

Genes affected

ALPL (HGNC:438): (alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated) This gene encodes a member of the alkaline phosphatase family of proteins. There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The first three are located together on chromosome 2, while the tissue non-specific form is located on chromosome 1. The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme that is not expressed in any particular tissue and is, therefore, referred to as the tissue-nonspecific form of the enzyme. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme may play a role in bone mineralization. Mutations in this gene have been linked to hypophosphatasia, a disorder that is characterized by hypercalcemia and skeletal defects. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

ALPL (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 9 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 11 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 5 uncertain in NM_000478.6
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.978
• PP5: Variant 1-21563180-C-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr1-21563180-C-A is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 555231.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=2, Pathogenic=1, Likely_pathogenic=1}. Variant chr1-21563180-C-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
ALPL	NM_000478.6	c.368C>A	p.Ala123Asp	missense_variant	5/12	ENST00000374840.8	NP_000469.3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
ALPL	ENST00000374840.8	c.368C>A	p.Ala123Asp	missense_variant	5/12	1	NM_000478.6	ENSP00000363973.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1461634 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 36 AF XY: 0.00000275 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 727138

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000180

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3 Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Childhood hypophosphatasia;C0268412:Infantile hypophosphatasia;C0268413:Adult hypophosphatasia Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Feb 06, 2024

- -

Adult hypophosphatasia Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Baylor Genetics

Mar 21, 2024

- -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Mar 12, 2023

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt ALPL protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 555231). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of hypophosphatasia (PMID: 17253930; Invitae). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with aspartic acid, which is acidic and polar, at codon 123 of the ALPL protein (p.Ala123Asp). -

not specified Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

May 17, 2022

Variant summary: ALPL c.368C>A (p.Ala123Asp) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant was absent in 251066 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.368C>A has been reported in the literature as a compound heterozygous genotype in at-least one individual affected with features of Perinatal onset Hypophosphatasia who continues to be subsequently cited by others (example, Spentchian_2006 cited in Del Angel_2020, Mornet_2021). These data do not allow any conclusion about variant significance. To our knowledge, no variant specific experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported although the compound heterozygous genotype reported a low Serum ALP enzyme activity (Spentchian_2006). Two clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014. One laboratory classified the variant as likely pathogenic citing structural predictions and one laboratory classified the variant as uncertain significance. Both submitters cite overlapping literature evidence utilized in the context of this evaluation. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Infantile hypophosphatasia Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Counsyl

Nov 30, 2017

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.97
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.51	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.49
CADD	Pathogenic	29
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;.;.;D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.25
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.25
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.76	.;T;T;T
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.31	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.7	H;.;.;H
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.80	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.1	D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.88
Sift	Uncertain	0.0040	D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.044	D;D;D;D
Polyphen		0.54	P;.;.;P
Vest4		0.96
MutPred		0.91		Gain of relative solvent accessibility (P = 0.0215);.;.;Gain of relative solvent accessibility (P = 0.0215);
MVP		0.97
MPC		1.5
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		2.5
Varity_R		0.93
gMVP		0.99

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.030		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1188506084; hg19: chr1-21889673;