chr1-226881945-T-C

Position:

• chr1-226881945-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points: 2P and 2B. PM2 BP4_Moderate

The NM_000447.3(PSEN2):​c.38T>C​(p.Val13Ala) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000137 in 1,461,766 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 12/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PSEN2 NM_000447.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.812

Genes affected

PSEN2 (HGNC:9509): (presenilin 2) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1 or PSEN2) or the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor such that, they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity, or themselves act are protease enzymes. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of PSEN2 have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.19893056).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
PSEN2	NM_000447.3	c.38T>C	p.Val13Ala	missense_variant	4/13	ENST00000366783.8

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
PSEN2	ENST00000366783.8	c.38T>C	p.Val13Ala	missense_variant	4/13	5	NM_000447.3	P4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1461766 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727196

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000180

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Alzheimer disease 4 Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jun 28, 2022	In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function output the following: SIFT: "Tolerated"; PolyPhen-2: "Benign"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0". The alanine amino acid residue is found in multiple mammalian species, which suggests that this missense change does not adversely affect protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 295987). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with PSEN2-related conditions. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces valine, which is neutral and non-polar, with alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 13 of the PSEN2 protein (p.Val13Ala). -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Jan 13, 2018	This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Dilated cardiomyopathy 1V Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Jan 13, 2018

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Inborn genetic diseases Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Oct 12, 2022

The c.38T>C (p.V13A) alteration is located in exon 4 (coding exon 1) of the PSEN2 gene. This alteration results from a T to C substitution at nucleotide position 38, causing the valine (V) at amino acid position 13 to be replaced by an alanine (A). Based on insufficient or conflicting evidence, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.075
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.071	D
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.14
CADD	Benign	14
DANN	Benign	0.93
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.18	.;T;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Benign	-0.60
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.45
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.64	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.73	T;T;T;T;.;T
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.17	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.20	T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.67	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.34	.;N;.;N;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	N;N;N;N;N
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.58	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.9	D;N;N;N;N;.
REVEL	Uncertain	0.42
Sift	Benign	0.76	.;T;T;T;T;.
Sift4G	Benign	0.62	.;T;T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.060	.;B;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.059, 0.056, 0.068, 0.060
MutPred		0.062		Loss of stability (P = 0.1959);Loss of stability (P = 0.1959);Loss of stability (P = 0.1959);Loss of stability (P = 0.1959);.;.;
MVP		0.94
MPC		0.29
ClinPred		0.29	T
GERP RS		1.6
Varity_R		0.013
gMVP		0.094

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs766853710; hg19: chr1-227069646;