chr1-45508910-T-C

Variant names:

• chr1-45508910-T-C
• rs955468279
• NM_015506.3:c.544T>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 8 ACMG points: 8P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong

The NM_015506.3(MMACHC):​c.544T>C​(p.Cys182Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000821 in 1,461,886 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. C182Y) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000082 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MMACHC NM_015506.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:1 U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.52

Genes affected

MMACHC (HGNC:24525): (metabolism of cobalamin associated C) The exact function of the protein encoded by this gene is not known, however, its C-terminal region shows similarity to TonB, a bacterial protein involved in energy transduction for cobalamin (vitamin B12) uptake. Hence, it is postulated that this protein may have a role in the binding and intracellular trafficking of cobalamin. Mutations in this gene are associated with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type cblC. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 8 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a chain Cyanocobalamin reductase / alkylcobalamin dealkylase (size 281) in uniprot entity MMAC_HUMAN there are 51 pathogenic changes around while only 14 benign (78%) in NM_015506.3
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.957

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MMACHC	NM_015506.3	c.544T>C	p.Cys182Arg	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 4	ENST00000401061.9	NP_056321.2
MMACHC	NM_001330540.2	c.373T>C	p.Cys125Arg	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 4		NP_001317469.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MMACHC	ENST00000401061.9	c.544T>C	p.Cys182Arg	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 4	2	NM_015506.3	ENSP00000383840.4
MMACHC	ENST00000616135.1	c.373T>C	p.Cys125Arg	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 5	2		ENSP00000478859.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000401 AC: 1 AN: 249556 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 135390

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00000883

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000821 AC: 12 AN: 1461886 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000825 AC XY: 6 AN XY: 727244

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.0000224

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000540

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000662

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Cobalamin C disease Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:3

Jun 10, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 28, 2017

Counsyl

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Apr 11, 2023

Genome-Nilou Lab

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Oct 09, 2024

Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Based on the classification scheme VCGS_Germline_v1.3.4, this variant is classified as VUS-3A. Following criteria are met: 0102 - Loss of function is a known mechanism of disease in this gene and is associated with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type (MIM#277400). (I) 0106 - This gene is associated with autosomal recessive disease. (I) 0200 - Variant is predicted to result in a missense amino acid change from cysteine to arginine. (I) 0251 - This variant is heterozygous. (I) 0304 - Variant is present in gnomAD (v2) <0.01 for a recessive condition (1 heterozygote, 0 homozygotes). (SP) 0309 - Multiple alternative amino acid changes at the same position have been observed in gnomAD (v2) (highest allele count: 4 heterozygotes, 0 homozygotes). (I) 0501 - Missense variant consistently predicted to be damaging by multiple in silico tools or highly conserved with a major amino acid change. (SP) 0600 - Variant is located in the annotated methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C family domain (DECIPHER). (I) 0710 - Another missense variant comparable to the one identified in this case has inconclusive previous evidence for pathogenicity. p.(Cys182Tyr) has been classified as a VUS by multiple clinical laboratories in ClinVar. (I) 0809 - Previous evidence of pathogenicity for this variant is inconclusive. This variant has been classified as a VUS by several clinical laboratories in ClinVar and has been observed as compound heterozygous in an individual with cblC type methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (PMIDs: 27252276, 18164228). (I) 0905 - No published segregation evidence has been identified for this variant. (I) 1007 - No published functional evidence has been identified for this variant. (I) Legend: (SP) - Supporting pathogenic, (I) - Information, (SB) - Supporting benign -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.62
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.52	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.50
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.86	D;T
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.75
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.75
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.69	T;T
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.32	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.96	D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.8	M;.
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.78	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.4	D;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.94
Sift	Benign	0.11	T;.
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0030	D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.
Vest4		0.88
MutPred		0.86		Gain of disorder (P = 0.0031);.;
MVP		0.95
MPC		0.074
ClinPred		0.97	D
GERP RS		5.7
Varity_R		0.93
gMVP		0.97

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs955468279; hg19: chr1-45974582;