chr11-44232450-C-T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. The variant received -10 ACMG points: 1P and 11B. PP3BP4_ModerateBP6BS1BS2

The NM_207122.2(EXT2):c.1760C>T(p.Thr587Met) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000944 in 1,613,820 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 2 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. T587T) has been classified as Likely benign.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00061 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00098 ( 2 hom. )

Consequence

EXT2
NM_207122.2 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:5B:3O:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.81

Publications

15 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

EXT2 (HGNC:3513): (exostosin glycosyltransferase 2) This gene encodes one of two glycosyltransferases involved in the chain elongation step of heparan sulfate biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene cause the type II form of multiple exostoses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

EXT2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

exostoses, multiple, type 2
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, Ambry Genetics, G2P
seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly syndrome
Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet
hereditary multiple osteochondromas
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

EXT2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Benign. The variant received -10 ACMG points.

PP3

Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect 9: BayesDel_noAF, Cadd, Dann, Eigen, phyloP100way_vertebrate, PrimateAI, PROVEAN, REVEL, REVEL [when max_spliceai, FATHMM_MKL, MetaRNN, MutationTaster was below the threshold]

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.068660945).

BP6

Variant 11-44232450-C-T is Benign according to our data. Variant chr11-44232450-C-T is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 134204.

BS1

Variant frequency is greater than expected in population sas. GnomAd4 allele frequency = 0.000612 (93/152058) while in subpopulation SAS AF = 0.00145 (7/4826). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.00069. There are 0 homozygotes in GnomAd4. There are 49 alleles in the male GnomAd4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 32. This position passed quality control check.

BS2

High Homozygotes in GnomAdExome4 at 2 AD,AR gene

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
EXT2	NM_207122.2 link	c.1760C>T	p.Thr587Met	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 14	ENST00000533608.7	NP_997005.1	Q93063-1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
EXT2	ENST00000533608.7 link	c.1760C>T	p.Thr587Met	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 14	1	NM_207122.2	ENSP00000431173.2		Q93063-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000612

AC:

AN:

152058

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.000290

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00989

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.000131

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00145

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.000284

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000868

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.000478

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000673

AC:

169

AN:

251230

AF XY:

0.000781

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000123

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000174

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.000462

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000924

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000163

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000979

AC:

1431

AN:

1461762

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00101

AC XY:

733

AN XY:

727188

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000598

AC:

AN:

33472

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000179

AC:

AN:

44714

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26130

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39698

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00144

AC:

124

AN:

86256

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.000412

AC:

AN:

53408

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.000347

AC:

AN:

5766

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00110

AC:

1218

AN:

1111936

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000911

AC:

AN:

60382

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.455

Heterozygous variant carriers

157

236

314

393

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

104

156

208

260

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000612

AC:

AN:

152058

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000660

AC XY:

AN XY:

74266

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.000290

AC:

AN:

41402

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000131

AC:

AN:

15270

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3464

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5196

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00145

AC:

AN:

4826

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.000284

AC:

AN:

10580

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000868

AC:

AN:

68004

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000478

AC:

AN:

2090

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.493

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.000918

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000672

TwinsUK

AF:

0.000809

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.000778

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000930

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000626

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000872

EpiControl

AF:

0.000830

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:5Benign:3Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Exostoses, multiple, type 2

Uncertain:1Benign:3

Nov 11, 2024

St. Jude Molecular Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The EXT2 c.1859C>T (p.Thr620Met) missense change has a maximum subpopulation frequency of 0.15% in gnomAD v2.1.1 including 1 homozygote (https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). The in silico tool REVEL predicts a deleterious effect on protein function, but to our knowledge this prediction has not been confirmed by functional studies. This variant has been identified in at least one individual with multiple exostoses (PMID: 19810120, 28567303). In summary, the evidence currently available is insufficient to determine the clinical significance of this variant. It has therefore been classified as of uncertain significance. -

Apr 27, 2017

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant was observed as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (where applicable). Publications were found based on this search. The evidence from the literature, in combination with allele frequency data from public databases where available, was sufficient to determine this variant is unlikely to cause disease. Therefore, this variant is classified as likely benign. -

Apr 09, 2024

Mendelics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jan 19, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not provided

Uncertain:3

Oct 31, 2023

Revvity Omics, Revvity

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Apr 27, 2016

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Mar 25, 2024

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 19810120, 24728327, 28567303, 34426522, 32191290, 32570879, 34070849, 30666157) -

EXT2-related disorder

Uncertain:1

Aug 13, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

The EXT2 c.1760C>T variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Thr587Met. This variant has been reported in a patient with some clinical features of multiple exostoses (Stavropoulos et al. 2016. PubMed ID: 28567303). However, this variant was also reported in a healthy cohort (Bodian et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 24728327) and has been observed in a public database with allele frequency up to ~0.15% in South Asian populations including one homozygote, which is likely too common for a highly penetrant pathogenic variant. In ClinVar, this variant has conflicting interpretations of likely benign and uncertain significance (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/134204/). At this time, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

not specified

Other:1

Sep 19, 2013

ITMI

Significance:not provided

Review Status:no classification provided

Collection Method:reference population

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Uncertain

0.40

BayesDel_addAF

Uncertain

0.12

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.37

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.80

D;.;.;D

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.80

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.76

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.98

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.96

.;D;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.15

MetaRNN

Benign

0.069

T;T;T;T

MetaSVM

Uncertain

0.72

MutationAssessor

Uncertain

2.0

M;.;.;M

PhyloP100

7.8

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.89

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-4.4

D;D;D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.84

Sift

Uncertain

0.0010

D;D;D;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.0020

D;D;D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;D;.;D

Vest4

0.79

MVP

0.95

MPC

0.80

ClinPred

0.16

GERP RS

5.2

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.50

gMVP

0.78

Mutation Taster

=24/76

disease causing

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over