chr12-49026431-G-A

Variant names:

• chr12-49026431-G-A
• rs794727688
• NM_003482.4:c.15535C>T
• KMT2D p.Arg5179Cys

GermlineCancer (beta)

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic.

+9 Likely Pathogenic

-7

-6

-1

0

+5

+6

+9

+10

BenignB

Likely BenignLB

UncertainVUS

Likely PathogenicLP

PathogenicP

The variant received 9 classification points (ACGS-UK Somatic Oncogenicity v2025). O1_ModerateO3_ModerateO4_SupportingO5_SupportingO6_SupportingO7_Moderate

The NM_003482.4(KMT2D):c.15535C>T (p.Arg5179Cys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The gene KMT2D is a tumor suppressor gene (CancerMine: 29 TSG, 29 oncogene, 10 driver citations). The gene KMT2D is a known oncogene (CancerMine: 29 TSG, 29 oncogene, 10 driver citations). The gene KMT2D is a cancer driver gene (CancerMine: 29 TSG, 29 oncogene, 10 driver citations). The variant is absent from the gnomAD population database at sites with sufficient sequencing coverage. In-silico predictor (REVEL) classifies this variant as likely damaging/oncogenic. Splicing prediction tools (SpliceAI) predict no significant impact on normal splicing. The affected nucleotide is highly conserved across species (PhyloP 100-way vertebrate score: 8.00). Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (★★). A different missense at the same amino acid position has been reported as Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic in ClinVar: p.R5179P: Likely_pathogenic (ClinVar VariationId 1513321, 1 star) Other variants at the same amino acid position have been reported in ClinVar (not pathogenic): p.R5179= (synonymous): Benign (ClinVar VariationId 2908675, 1 star) The variant position is a cancer hotspot (cancerhotspots.org): 10 samples carry this exact amino acid change out of 40 samples with a variant at this residue. The variant has been observed in cBioPortal in 17 samples across 15 studies and 12 cancer types; somatic enrichment level: SUPPORTING (Observed repeatedly in cBioPortal somatic datasets.). This exact variant is curated in the UniProt human variants database as Pathogenic, associated with Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: KMT2D NM_003482.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 8.00
• Publications: 3 publications found

Genes affected

KMT2D (HGNC:7133): (lysine methyltransferase 2D) The protein encoded by this gene is a histone methyltransferase that methylates the Lys-4 position of histone H3. The encoded protein is part of a large protein complex called ASCOM, which has been shown to be a transcriptional regulator of the beta-globin and estrogen receptor genes. Mutations in this gene have been shown to be a cause of Kabuki syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

KMT2D Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• choanal atresia-athelia-hypothyroidism-delayed puberty-short stature syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: G2P, Illumina, PanelApp Australia
• Kabuki syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, ClinGen
• branchial arch abnormalities, choanal atresia, athelia, hearing loss, and hypothyroidism syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• Kabuki syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

Classification according to ACGS-UK Somatic Oncogenicity v2025

Classification was made for transcript:

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 9 points.

Apply	Criterion Code & Title / Strength	Strength	Rationale / Clinical Context
	O1Established oncogenic variant		TSG gene: ClinVar germline P/LP ★★+ — Moderate (O1); O1 contributing sources (2.0 pts): ClinVar germline P/LP in TSG (★★)
	O3Absent or very rare in population		Absent or extremely rare in gnomAD (AC ≤ 2) — O3 moderate; GnomAD: AF = absent, AC = 0 — absent/extremely rare (O3 moderate [+2])
	O4Enriched in somatic variant database		Enriched in cBioPortal (pre-computed score ≥ 1.0) — Supporting (O4); cBioPortal: samples=17 | studies=15 | cancer types=12 | level=SUPPORTING | points=1.0 | reason: Observed repeatedly in cBioPortal somatic datasets.
	O5Same location/impact as known oncogenic		Different AA at same residue with oncogenic evidence (or germline P/LP in TSG), or same AA change SCI Tier II Potential — Supporting (O5); ClinVar same-AA oncogenic/T1: false | ClinVar same-AA SCI tier: — | CGI same-AA oncogenic: false | TSG: true | ClinVar same-AA germline P/LP: false | CIViC LOF: false | ClinVar diff-AA oncogenic: false | ClinVar diff-AA germline P/LP: true
	O6Computational evidence supports deleterious effect		Computational evidence supports a deleterious/oncogenic effect; Missense variant — primary computational scorer supports an oncogenic/deleterious effect
	O7Mutational hotspot or critical domain		Moderate: ≥10 same AA change, or strong functional domain signal; Note: exclude MSK/TCGA-derived samples from cancerhotspots count to avoid double-counting with O4; cancerhotspots.org: total samples at AA position = 40, same AA change = 10; Exclude MSK/TCGA-derived samples from count to avoid double-counting with O4; UniProt domain: 0 pathogenic, 0 benign.; ±8 AA neighbourhood: 1 pathogenic, 3 benign (OR vs. background: 2.1); Variant does not impact splicing — splice-hotspot path not applicable

Variant Effect in Transcripts

Automated classification analysis was done for transcript: NM_003482.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated classification assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene / Transcript	Tags	HGVSc / HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	Protein / UniProt
	KMT2D NM_003482.4	MANE Select	c.15535C>T p.Arg5179Cys	missense	Exon 49 of 55	Prot: NP_003473.3 UniProt:

KMT2D NM_003482.4

MANE Select

HGVSc / HGVSpc.15535C>Tp.Arg5179Cys

Exon rankExon 49 of 55

missense

Prot: NP_003473.3UniProt: O14686-1

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene / Transcript	Tags	HGVSc / HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	Protein / UniProt
	KMT2D ENST00000301067.12	TSL:5MANE Select	c.15535C>T p.Arg5179Cys	missense	Exon 49 of 55	Prot: ENSP00000301067.7 UniProt:
	KMT2D ENST00000683543.2		c.15535C>T p.Arg5179Cys	missense	Exon 49 of 56	Prot: ENSP00000506726.1 UniProt:
	KMT2D ENST00000685166.1		c.15544C>T p.Arg5182Cys	missense	Exon 48 of 54	Prot: ENSP00000509386.1 UniProt:

KMT2D ENST00000301067.12

TSL:5MANE Select

HGVSc / HGVSpc.15535C>Tp.Arg5179Cys

Exon rankExon 49 of 55

missense

Prot: ENSP00000301067.7UniProt: O14686-1

KMT2D ENST00000683543.2

HGVSc / HGVSpc.15535C>Tp.Arg5179Cys

Exon rankExon 49 of 56

missense

Prot: ENSP00000506726.1UniProt: A0A804HHR9

KMT2D ENST00000685166.1

HGVSc / HGVSpc.15544C>Tp.Arg5182Cys

Exon rankExon 48 of 54

missense

Prot: ENSP00000509386.1UniProt: O14686-3

Frequencies

Allele frequencies (AF), counts (AC/AN), homozygotes and coverage

Common (AF > 0.05 / Hom > 5)

Rare (AF ≤ 0.0001 / Hom ≤ 1)

Source / population	AF	AC	Hom	AN	Coverage
Global population databases 4 sources Large-scale international reference populations
GnomAD3 genomes	AF:	AC:	Hom:	AN:	Cov:32
GnomAD4 exome	AF:	AC:	Hom:	AN:	Cov:33
GnomAD4 genome	AF:	AC:	Hom:	AN:	Cov:32
ALFA (dbGaP/dbSNP Allele Frequency Aggregator)	AF: 0.00	AC:0	Hom:0	AN:23446	Cov:

Showing 4 sources

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Pathogenic

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
2	-	-	not provided (2)
1	-	-	Inborn genetic diseases (1)
1	-	-	Kabuki syndrome (1)

Computational Scores

Algorithm	Calibrated pred.	Score	Prediction
AlphaGenome AVI	Pathogenic	30
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.96
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.28	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.16
CADD	Pathogenic	28
DANN	Uncertain	0.98
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.28	T
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.91
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.85
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.96	D
FuncVEP CTI	Pathogenic	0.99
GPN-Star LLR	N/A	-10
GPN-Star score	N/A	10
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.65	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.92	D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.60	D
Mutation Taster	N/A	12/88	disease causing (ClinVar)
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.2	M
PhyloP100	Pathogenic	8.0
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.85	D
PromoterAI	N/A	-0.0020	Neutral
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.7	D
RBP_binding_hub_radar	N/A	0.92
RBP_regulation_power_radar	N/A	2.7
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.91
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Varity_R	N/A	0.76
VESM-3B	Benign	-9.1

Showing 29 of 29 scores

Splicing Scores

Algorithm	Calibrated pred.	Score	Prediction
Pangolin (max)	Benign	0.0
SpliceAI score (max)	Benign	0.0	Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Showing 2 of 2 scores

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

MaxEntScan Visualizer can be used to analyze the impact of this mutation on the neighboring sequence.

MaveDB functional evidence

MaveDB is a public repository of laboratory assays that test the effect of thousands of variants at once — treat this as supporting research data and interpret it with great caution; it is not a clinical classification.

No MaveDB functional evidence found for this variant.

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs794727688;

hg19: chr12-49420214;

COSMIC: COSV56425613;

COSMIC: COSV56425613;

ACMG debug oncogenicity

ACGS debug oncogenicity

ACMG debug germline

Submit to ClinVar