chr14-65077940-G-A

Position:

• chr14-65077940-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 8 ACMG points: 8P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Moderate

The NM_002382.5(MAX):​c.268C>T​(p.Arg90Trp) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000137 in 1,461,894 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R90Q) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MAX NM_002382.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.36

Genes affected

MAX (HGNC:6913): (MYC associated factor X) The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLHZ) family of transcription factors. It is able to form homodimers and heterodimers with other family members, which include Mad, Mxi1 and Myc. Myc is an oncoprotein implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The homodimers and heterodimers compete for a common DNA target site (the E box) and rearrangement among these dimer forms provides a complex system of transcriptional regulation. Mutations of this gene have been reported to be associated with hereditary pheochromocytoma. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 8 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a helix (size 40) in uniprot entity MAX_HUMAN there are 7 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_002382.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chrnull-null-null-null is described in UniProt as null.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.877

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
MAX	NM_002382.5	c.268C>T	p.Arg90Trp	missense_variant	4/5	ENST00000358664.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
MAX	ENST00000358664.9	c.268C>T	p.Arg90Trp	missense_variant	4/5	1	NM_002382.5	P4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1461894 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000275 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 727248

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 8.99e-7

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Jun 17, 2024

The p.R90W variant (also known as c.268C>T), located in coding exon 4 of the MAX gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 268. The arginine at codon 90 is replaced by tryptophan, an amino acid with dissimilar properties. This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this variant remains unclear. -

Hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Jan 01, 2024

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with tryptophan, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 90 of the MAX protein (p.Arg90Trp). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with MAX-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 404105). Advanced modeling performed at Invitae incorporating data from internal and/or published experimental studies (Invitae) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt MAX function with a negative predictive value of 95%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.80
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.33	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.23
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.51	.;.;.;.;D;D;.;D;.;D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.63
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.61
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;.;D;D;D;D;.;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.87	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.88	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.6	.;M;M;M;.;.;M;.;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.92	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.2	D;.;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.73
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D;.;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0010	D;D;D;D;D;.;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;D;.;D;.;.;D;D;.;.
Vest4		0.65
MutPred		0.44		.;Gain of catalytic residue at L88 (P = 0);Gain of catalytic residue at L88 (P = 0);Gain of catalytic residue at L88 (P = 0);.;.;Gain of catalytic residue at L88 (P = 0);.;.;.;
MVP		0.78
MPC		2.1
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		5.0
Varity_R		0.86
gMVP		0.83

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1060500099; hg19: chr14-65544658; COSMIC: COSV52415748; COSMIC: COSV52415748;