chr15-89333618-T-C

Variant names:

• chr15-89333618-T-C
• rs1555454339
• NM_002693.3:c.137A>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -1 ACMG points: 2P and 3B. PM2 BP4_Moderate BP6

The NM_002693.3(POLG):​c.137A>G​(p.Gln46Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000207 in 1,448,624 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 14/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). The gene POLG is included in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000021 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: POLG NM_002693.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:4 B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.202
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

POLG (HGNC:9179): (DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit) Mitochondrial DNA polymerase is heterotrimeric, consisting of a homodimer of accessory subunits plus a catalytic subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase. The encoded protein contains a polyglutamine tract near its N-terminus that may be polymorphic. Defects in this gene are a cause of progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 1 (PEOA1), sensory ataxic neuropathy dysarthria and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO), Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome (AHS), and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome (MNGIE). Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POLGARF (HGNC:56246): (POLG alternative reading frame) This gene uses the same transcript as the POLG gene but has a CUG start codon and an alternate reading frame that makes a 260 aa protein. This protein is distinct from POLG isoforms and may interact with P32 (also known as C1QBP), a mitochondrial matrix protein thought to be involved in the expression of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins. POLGARF protein may bind P32 and sequester it in the nucleolus. Interestingly, some disease-causing mutations thought to be in POLG may instead be associated with POLGARF. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

ACMG classification

Specifications for POLG are available in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry and recommended for reference when assigning criteria.

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -1 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.07870063).
• BP6: Variant 15-89333618-T-C is Benign according to our data. Variant chr15-89333618-T-C is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 497598.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_002693.3. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	POLG	NM_002693.3	MANE Select	c.137A>G	p.Gln46Arg	missense	Exon 2 of 23	NP_002684.1	P54098
	POLGARF	NM_001430120.1	MANE Select	c.192A>G	p.Ala64Ala	synonymous	Exon 1 of 2	NP_001417049.1	A0A3B3IS91
	POLG	NM_001126131.2		c.137A>G	p.Gln46Arg	missense	Exon 2 of 23	NP_001119603.1	P54098

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	POLG	ENST00000268124.11	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.137A>G	p.Gln46Arg	missense	Exon 2 of 23	ENSP00000268124.5	P54098
	POLG	ENST00000442287.6	TSL:1	c.137A>G	p.Gln46Arg	missense	Exon 2 of 23	ENSP00000399851.2	P54098
	POLGARF	ENST00000706918.1	MANE Select	c.192A>G	p.Ala64Ala	synonymous	Exon 1 of 2	ENSP00000516626.1	A0A3B3IS91

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00000445 AC: 1 AN: 224566 AF XY: 0.00000805

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000100

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000207 AC: 3 AN: 1448624 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000278 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 720518

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Exomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.0000302 AC: 1 AN: 33064

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 43852

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 25938

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39386

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 85590

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 47196

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5734

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000181 AC: 2 AN: 1108026

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 59838

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD4 Exomes is highly skewed from 0.5 (p-value = 0), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
-	2	-	not provided (2)
-	1	1	Progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy (2)
-	1	-	Inborn genetic diseases (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.094
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.036	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.29
CADD	Benign	5.5
DANN	Benign	0.14
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.19	T
Eigen	Benign	-1.5
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.6
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.15	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.39	T
M_CAP	Benign	0.046	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.079	T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.39	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.0	N
PhyloP100		0.20
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.59	T
PROVEAN	Benign	0.20	N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.31
Sift	Benign	0.43	T
Sift4G	Benign	0.60	T
Polyphen		0.0060	B
Vest4		0.15
MVP		0.59
MPC		0.16
ClinPred		0.043	T
GERP RS		-0.71
PromoterAI		0.017	Neutral
Varity_R		0.039
gMVP		0.13
Mutation Taster		=98/2	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1555454339; hg19: chr15-89876849;