chr16-10180410-A-G

Variant names:

• chr16-10180410-A-G
• rs397518466
• NM_001134407.3:c.2T>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001134407.3(GRIN2A):​c.2T>C​(p.Met1?) variant causes a start lost change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: GRIN2A NM_001134407.3 start_lost
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.58
• Publications: 5 publications found

Genes affected

GRIN2A (HGNC:4585): (glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A) This gene encodes a member of the glutamate-gated ion channel protein family. The encoded protein is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit. NMDA receptors are both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent, and are involved in long-term potentiation, an activity-dependent increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission thought to underlie certain kinds of memory and learning. These receptors are permeable to calcium ions, and activation results in a calcium influx into post-synaptic cells, which results in the activation of several signaling cascades. Disruption of this gene is associated with focal epilepsy and speech disorder with or without cognitive disability. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

GRIN2A Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• complex neurodevelopmental disorder

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• Landau-Kleffner syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Ambry Genetics
• continuous spikes and waves during sleep

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and intellectual disability due to GRIN2A mutation

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• rolandic epilepsy-speech dyspraxia syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• neurodevelopmental disorder

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: G2P

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Start lost variant, next in-frame start position is after 9 pathogenic variants. Next in-frame start position is after 39 codons. Genomic position: 10180297. Lost 0.026 part of the original CDS.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 16-10180410-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr16-10180410-A-G is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 88728.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GRIN2A	NM_001134407.3	c.2T>C	p.Met1?	start_lost	Exon 2 of 13	ENST00000330684.4	NP_001127879.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GRIN2A	ENST00000330684.4	c.2T>C	p.Met1?	start_lost	Exon 2 of 13	1	NM_001134407.3	ENSP00000332549.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 34

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Landau-Kleffner syndrome Pathogenic:3

Sep 01, 2013

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Jan 01, 2019

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

- -

Sep 23, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change affects the initiator methionine of the GRIN2A mRNA. The next in-frame methionine is located at codon 39. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). Disruption of the initiator codon has been observed in individual(s) with GRIN2A-related conditions (PMID: 23933818). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 88728). This variant disrupts a region of the GRIN2A protein in which other variant(s) (p.Leu15Pro) have been determined to be pathogenic (internal data). This suggests that this is a clinically significant region of the protein, and that variants that disrupt it are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Mar 20, 2024

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Initiation codon variant in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 30544257, 26147798, 27096365, 23933818) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.63	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.060
CADD	Benign	23
DANN	Benign	0.97
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.24	T;.;T;.;.
Eigen	Benign	0.061
Eigen_PC	Benign	0.15
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.92	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.90	.;D;D;.;.
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.61	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Benign	-1.1	T
PhyloP100		4.6
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.78	N;N;N;.;.
REVEL	Benign	0.23
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;.;.
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.018	D;D;D;.;.
Polyphen		0.21	B;.;B;.;.
Vest4		0.75
MutPred		0.99		Gain of catalytic residue at M1 (P = 0.0191);Gain of catalytic residue at M1 (P = 0.0191);Gain of catalytic residue at M1 (P = 0.0191);Gain of catalytic residue at M1 (P = 0.0191);Gain of catalytic residue at M1 (P = 0.0191);
MVP		0.89
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.5
PromoterAI		-0.026	Neutral
Varity_R		0.90
gMVP		0.62
Mutation Taster		=5/195	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs397518466; hg19: chr16-10274267;