chr16-177089-G-C

Position:

• chr16-177089-G-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 8 ACMG points: 8P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong

The NM_000558.5(HBA1):​c.256G>C​(p.Asp86His) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. D86V) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
• Consequence: HBA1 NM_000558.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 5.07

Genes affected

HBA1 (HGNC:4823): (hemoglobin subunit alpha 1) The human alpha globin gene cluster located on chromosome 16 spans about 30 kb and includes seven loci: 5'- zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 - alpha-1 - theta - 3'. The alpha-2 (HBA2) and alpha-1 (HBA1) coding sequences are identical. These genes differ slightly over the 5' untranslated regions and the introns, but they differ significantly over the 3' untranslated regions. Two alpha chains plus two beta chains constitute HbA, which in normal adult life comprises about 97% of the total hemoglobin; alpha chains combine with delta chains to constitute HbA-2, which with HbF (fetal hemoglobin) makes up the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin. Alpha thalassemias result from deletions of each of the alpha genes as well as deletions of both HBA2 and HBA1; some nondeletion alpha thalassemias have also been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 8 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 3 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 4 benign, 15 uncertain in NM_000558.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.943

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
HBA1	NM_000558.5	c.256G>C	p.Asp86His	missense_variant	2/3	ENST00000320868.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
HBA1	ENST00000320868.9	c.256G>C	p.Asp86His	missense_variant	2/3	1	NM_000558.5	P1
HBA1	ENST00000472694.1	n.392G>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	1/2	1
HBA1	ENST00000487791.1	n.225G>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	2/2	1
HBA1	ENST00000397797.1	c.160G>C	p.Asp54His	missense_variant	2/3	2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 27

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 31

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories

Aug 30, 2019

The Hb Canuts variant (HBA1: c.256G>C; p.Asp86His, also known as Asp85His when numbered from the mature protein; rs33915947) is reported in the literature in a heterozygous individual with normal hematology (Joly 2009, HbVar database). This variant is absent from general population databases (Exome Variant Server, Genome Aggregation Database), indicating it is not a common polymorphism. The aspartate at codon 86 is highly conserved, and computational analyses (SIFT, PolyPhen-2) predict that this variant is deleterious. However, due to limited information, the clinical significance of the Hb Canuts variant is uncertain at this time. References: HbVar link to Hb Canuts: http://globin.bx.psu.edu/cgi-bin/hbvar/query_vars3?mode=output&display_format=page&i=2626 Joly P et al. Description of two new alpha variants: Hb Canuts [alpha85(F6)Asp-->His (alpha1)] and Hb Ambroise Pare [alpha117(GH5)Phe-->Ile (alpha2)]; two new beta variants: Hb Beaujolais [beta84(EF8)Thr-->Asn] and Hb Monplaisir [beta147 (Tyr-Lys-Leu-Ala-Phe-Phe-Leu-Leu-Ser-Asn-Phe-Tyr-158-COOH)] and one new delta variant: Hb (A2)North Africa [delta59(E3)Lys-->Met]. Hemoglobin. 2009;33(3):196-205. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.91
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.48	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.45
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.28	T;.
Eigen	Benign	-0.0077
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.037
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.91	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.70	T;T
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.83	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.94	D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.72	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.66	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-5.2	D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.86
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.037	D;D
Vest4		0.69
MutPred		0.76		Loss of ubiquitination at K91 (P = 0.0485);.;
MVP		1.0
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		3.4
Varity_R		0.95
gMVP		0.88

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs33915947; hg19: chr16-227088;