chr16-23623043-C-A

Position:

chr16-23623043-C-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points: 0P and 2B. BP4_Moderate

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.2922G>T(p.Lys974Asn) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000434 in 1,614,030 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 14/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000041 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PALB2
NM_024675.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:10B:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: -0.0210

Variant links:

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 links:

(HGNC:):

links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.08841404).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.2922G>T	p.Lys974Asn	missense_variant	9/13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9 linkuse as main transcript	c.2922G>T	p.Lys974Asn	missense_variant	9/13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584	P1
	ENST00000561764.1 linkuse as main transcript	n.420-857C>A		intron_variant, non_coding_transcript_variant		2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152166

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000119

AC:

AN:

251482

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

135910

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000264

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000410

AC:

AN:

1461864

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000550

AC XY:

AN XY:

727236

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000540

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152166

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

74336

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000282

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.00000378

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:10Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast

Uncertain:4

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Sep 13, 2023	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Apr 09, 2018	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 10, 2024	This sequence change replaces lysine, which is basic and polar, with asparagine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 974 of the PALB2 protein (p.Lys974Asn). This variant is present in population databases (rs730881892, gnomAD 0.002%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with ovarian cancer (PMID: 26315354). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 182772). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt PALB2 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Mar 30, 2023	This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance as there is insufficient evidence to determine its impact on protein function and/or cancer risk. -

not provided

Uncertain:2Benign:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Oct 19, 2021	Observed in an individual with ovarian cancer (Ramus 2015); Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (Lek 2016); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 20871615, 19609323, 24485656, 26315354) -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital TU Dresden, University Hospital TU Dresden	Nov 03, 2021	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Mar 01, 2024	PALB2: BP4 -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Jun 14, 2023	The p.K974N variant (also known as c.2922G>T), located in coding exon 9 of the PALB2 gene, results from a G to T substitution at nucleotide position 2922. The lysine at codon 974 is replaced by asparagine, an amino acid with similar properties. In one study, this alteration was observed in 1/3236 cases with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer and 0/3431 controls (Ramus SJ et al. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2015 Nov;107). This amino acid position is not well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Sep 09, 2021	This missense variant replaces lysine with asparagine at codon 974 of the PALB2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been performed for this variant. This variant has been reported in an individual affected with ovarian cancer (PMID: 26315354) and in a breast cancer case-control meta-analysis in 2/60464 cases and 2/53459 unaffected individuals (PMID: 33471991; Leiden Open Variation Database DB-ID PALB2_010819). This variant has also been identified in 3/251482 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not specified

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital

Aug 15, 2023

- -

Malignant tumor of breast

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

The PALB2 p.Lys974Asn variant was identified in 1 of 6748 proband chromosomes (frequency: 0.0002) from individuals or families with ovarian cancer and was not identified in 6974 control chromosomes from healthy individuals (Ramus 2015). The variant was also identified in dbSNP (ID: rs730881892) as â€šÃ„ÃºWith Uncertain significance alleleâ€šÃ„Ã¹, in ClinVar (classified as uncertain significance by GeneDx, Invitae, Ambry Genetics, Color Genomics), Clinvitae, and Cosmic databases. The variant was not identified in MutDB, LOVD 3.0, or Zhejiang University Database. The variant was identified in control databases in 2 of 246256 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.00001 (Genome Aggregation Database Feb 27, 2017). It was observed in the European Non-Finnish population in 2 of 111706 chromosomes (freq: 0.00002), but not in the African, Other, Latino, Ashkenazi Jewish, East Asian, Finnish, and South Asian populations. The p.Lys974 residue is not conserved in mammals and computational analyses (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, AlignGVGD, BLOSUM, MutationTaster) do not suggest a high likelihood of impact to the protein; however, this information is not predictive enough to rule out pathogenicity. The variant occurs outside of the splicing consensus sequence and 1 of 5 in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer, HumanSpliceFinder) predict a greater than 10% difference in splicing; this is not very predictive of pathogenicity. In summary, based on the above information, the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time. This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.23

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.30

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.65

CADD

Benign

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.012

T;T

Eigen

Benign

-0.70

Eigen_PC

Benign

-0.62

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.088

LIST_S2

Benign

0.71

T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.010

MetaRNN

Benign

0.088

T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.99

MutationAssessor

Benign

2.0

.;M

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

PrimateAI

Benign

0.26

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.7

N;N

REVEL

Benign

0.056

Sift

Benign

0.14

T;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.18

T;T

Polyphen

0.013

.;B

Vest4

0.28

MutPred

0.31

.;Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0503);

MVP

0.31

MPC

0.18

ClinPred

0.32

GERP RS

0.13

Varity_R

0.18

gMVP

0.39

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over