chr16-51141007-A-AG

Variant names:

• chr16-51141007-A-AG
• rs1555475275
• NM_002968.3:c.1214dupC

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Moderate

The NM_002968.3(SALL1):​c.1214dupC​(p.Leu406PhefsTer32) variant causes a frameshift change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: SALL1 NM_002968.3 frameshift
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, single submitter P:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.98
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

SALL1 (HGNC:10524): (spalt like transcription factor 1) The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor and may be part of the NuRD histone deacetylase complex (HDAC). Defects in this gene are a cause of Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) as well as bronchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SALL1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Townes-Brocks syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: PanelApp Australia, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Ambry Genetics
• Townes-Brocks syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 16-51141007-A-AG is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr16-51141007-A-AG is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 459257.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
SALL1	NM_002968.3	c.1214dupC	p.Leu406PhefsTer32	frameshift_variant	Exon 2 of 3	ENST00000251020.9	NP_002959.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
SALL1	ENST00000251020.9	c.1214dupC	p.Leu406PhefsTer32	frameshift_variant	Exon 2 of 3	1	NM_002968.3	ENSP00000251020.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 53

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

Townes syndrome Pathogenic:1

Dec 13, 2016

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. While this particular variant has not been reported in the literature, loss-of-function variants in SALL1 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 9973281, 16088922). This sequence change inserts 1 nucleotide in exon 2 of the SALL1 mRNA (c.1214dupC), causing a frameshift at codon 406. This creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Leu406Phefs*32) and is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
PhyloP100		10
Mutation Taster		=1/199	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1555475275; hg19: chr16-51174918;