chr16-78425056-G-T

Variant names:

• chr16-78425056-G-T
• rs1164465811
• NM_016373.4:c.791+1G>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PVS1_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_016373.4(WWOX):​c.791+1G>T variant causes a splice donor, intron change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000682 in 1,613,396 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000068 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: WWOX NM_016373.4 splice_donor, intron
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 1.000
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.78
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

WWOX (HGNC:12799): (WW domain containing oxidoreductase) This gene encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) protein family. This gene spans the FRA16D common chromosomal fragile site and appears to function as a tumor suppressor gene. Expression of the encoded protein is able to induce apoptosis, while defects in this gene are associated with multiple types of cancer. Disruption of this gene is also associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 12. Disruption of a similar gene in mouse results in impaired steroidogenesis, additionally suggesting a metabolic function for the protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

WWOX Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 12

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, MODERATE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet, Ambry Genetics
• developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 28

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Ambry Genetics
• 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• undetermined early-onset epileptic encephalopathy

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, product NOT destroyed by NMD, known LOF gene, truncates exone, which is 0.1493976 fraction of the gene. No cryptic splice site detected. Exon removal is inframe change.
• PP5: Variant 16-78425056-G-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr16-78425056-G-T is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 1067517.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_016373.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	WWOX	NM_016373.4	MANE Select	c.791+1G>T		splice_donor intron	N/A	NP_057457.1
	WWOX	NM_001291997.2		c.452+1G>T		splice_donor intron	N/A	NP_001278926.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	WWOX	ENST00000566780.6	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.791+1G>T		splice_donor intron	N/A	ENSP00000457230.1
	WWOX	ENST00000408984.7	TSL:1	c.791+1G>T		splice_donor intron	N/A	ENSP00000386161.3
	WWOX	ENST00000402655.6	TSL:1	c.409+309902G>T		intron	N/A	ENSP00000384238.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152154 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000147

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000684 AC: 10 AN: 1461242 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000688 AC XY: 5 AN XY: 726952

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33462

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44722

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86228

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53418

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5254

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000719 AC: 8 AN: 1111990

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000331 AC: 2 AN: 60332

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152154 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 74324

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 41430

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15276

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3472

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5174

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4832

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10624

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000147 AC: 1 AN: 68030

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2090

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 12;C3463992:Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 1 Pathogenic:1

Jun 26, 2020

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals with WWOX-related conditions. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site, but this prediction has not been confirmed by published transcriptional studies. Donor and acceptor splice site variants typically lead to a loss of protein function (PMID: 16199547), and loss-of-function variants in WWOX are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 24456803, 25411445). In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. This sequence change affects a donor splice site in intron 7 of the WWOX gene. It is expected to disrupt RNA splicing and likely results in an absent or disrupted protein product.

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 28 Pathogenic:1

Sep 20, 2024

Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

PVS1_Strong, PM2, PP5, PM3

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.63	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.18
CADD	Pathogenic	29
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.2
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	1.0
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.96	D
PhyloP100		7.8
GERP RS		5.7
PromoterAI		-0.00040	Neutral

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	0.94
SpliceAI score (max)		0.98		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_DL_spliceai		0.98		Position offset: -1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1164465811; hg19: chr16-78458953;