chr19-11105439-A-G

Position:

• chr19-11105439-A-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000527.5(LDLR):​c.533A>G​(p.Asp178Gly) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. D178?) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
• Consequence: LDLR NM_000527.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.20

Genes affected

LDLR (HGNC:6547): (low density lipoprotein receptor) The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. The encoded protein is normally bound at the cell membrane, where it binds low density lipoprotein/cholesterol and is taken into the cell. Lysosomes release the cholesterol, which is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a helix (size 2) in uniprot entity LDLR_HUMAN there are 14 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000527.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr19-11105437-GGA-GT is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.995
• PP5: Variant 19-11105439-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-11105439-A-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 251286.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr19-11105439-A-G is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
LDLR	NM_000527.5	c.533A>G	p.Asp178Gly	missense_variant	4/18	ENST00000558518.6	NP_000518.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
LDLR	ENST00000558518.6	c.533A>G	p.Asp178Gly	missense_variant	4/18	1	NM_000527.5	ENSP00000454071.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1 Pathogenic:3

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	research	Fundacion Hipercolesterolemia Familiar	Mar 01, 2016	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	literature only	LDLR-LOVD, British Heart Foundation	Mar 25, 2016	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	U4M - Lille University & CHRU Lille, Université de Lille - CHRU de Lille	Mar 30, 2017	- -

Cardiovascular phenotype Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Nov 04, 2022

The p.D178G variant (also known as c.533A>G), located in coding exon 4 of the LDLR gene, results from an A to G substitution at nucleotide position 533. The aspartic acid at codon 178 is replaced by glycine, an amino acid with similar properties. This variant (also referred to as p.D157G) has been detected in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and in FH cohorts; however, some reports may overlap (Mozas P et al. Hum Mutat, 2004 Aug;24:187; Ibarretxe D et al. Atherosclerosis, 2018 11;278:210-216; Dron JS et al. BMC Med Genomics, 2020 02;13:23; Tejedor D et al. Clin Chem, 2005 Jul;51:1137-44). Internal structural analysis indicates that this variant, which impacts a residue in the conserved cluster of acidic amino acids at the C-terminal end of LDLR class A4, is expected to have a deleterious impact on protein function (Jeon H and Blacklow C. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2005;74:535-62; Ambry internal data). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Based on the majority of available evidence to date, this variant is likely to be pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.58	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.59
CADD	Pathogenic	35
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.96	D;.;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.92
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.75
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	1.0	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.96	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.96	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.4	H;.;.;H
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.51	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.4	D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.97
Sift	Uncertain	0.0020	D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0040	D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.;.
Vest4		0.84
MutPred		0.90		Gain of glycosylation at S177 (P = 0.0215);Gain of glycosylation at S177 (P = 0.0215);.;Gain of glycosylation at S177 (P = 0.0215);
MVP		1.0
MPC		0.93
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.6
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.2
Varity_R		0.99
gMVP		1.0

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.99		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_DG_spliceai		0.99		Position offset: -1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs875989902; hg19: chr19-11216115;