chr19-11116119-A-G

Position:

• chr19-11116119-A-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points: 4P and 2B. PM1 PM2 BP4_Moderate

The NM_000527.5(LDLR):​c.1612A>G​(p.Thr538Ala) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000685 in 1,460,670 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 12/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. T538S) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 6.8e-7 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: LDLR NM_000527.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:5
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 1.03

Genes affected

LDLR (HGNC:6547): (low density lipoprotein receptor) The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. The encoded protein is normally bound at the cell membrane, where it binds low density lipoprotein/cholesterol and is taken into the cell. Lysosomes release the cholesterol, which is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a repeat LDL-receptor class B 4 (size 43) in uniprot entity LDLR_HUMAN there are 54 pathogenic changes around while only 5 benign (92%) in NM_000527.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.1565705).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
LDLR	NM_000527.5	c.1612A>G	p.Thr538Ala	missense_variant	11/18	ENST00000558518.6	NP_000518.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
LDLR	ENST00000558518.6	c.1612A>G	p.Thr538Ala	missense_variant	11/18	1	NM_000527.5	ENSP00000454071.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 6.85e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1460670 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 726708

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:5

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Familial hypercholesterolemia Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Jan 11, 2021	This missense variant (also known as p.Thr517Ala in the mature protein) replaces threonine with alanine at codon 538 of the LDLR protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has not been reported in individuals affected with familial hypercholesterolemia in the literature. This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	May 05, 2023	This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 538 of the LDLR protein (p.Thr538Ala). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with LDLR-related conditions. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt LDLR protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 1171671). -

Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1 Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Aug 23, 2021

- -

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

May 17, 2023

Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function -

Cardiovascular phenotype Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Oct 31, 2024

The p.T538A variant (also known as c.1612A>G), located in coding exon 11 of the LDLR gene, results from an A to G substitution at nucleotide position 1612. The threonine at codon 538 is replaced by alanine, an amino acid with similar properties. This amino acid position is not well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, the in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this variant remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.080
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.14	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	-0.040
CADD	Benign	12
DANN	Benign	0.49
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.65	D;.;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Benign	-1.2
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.2
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.33	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.59	T;T;T;T;T;T
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.41	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.16	T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.45	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.55	N;.;.;.;.;N
PrimateAI	Benign	0.27	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.7	N;N;N;N;N;N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.49
Sift	Benign	0.71	T;T;T;T;T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.76	T;T;T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.0	B;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.14
MutPred		0.42		Gain of catalytic residue at T538 (P = 0.0522);Gain of catalytic residue at T538 (P = 0.0522);.;.;.;Gain of catalytic residue at T538 (P = 0.0522);
MVP		0.98
MPC		0.21
ClinPred		0.045	T
GERP RS		2.7
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.2
Varity_R		0.20
gMVP		0.88

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs879254960; hg19: chr19-11226795;