chr19-11116976-C-T

Position:

• chr19-11116976-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000527.5(LDLR):​c.1823C>T​(p.Pro608Leu) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. P608R) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: LDLR NM_000527.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.63

Genes affected

LDLR (HGNC:6547): (low density lipoprotein receptor) The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. The encoded protein is normally bound at the cell membrane, where it binds low density lipoprotein/cholesterol and is taken into the cell. Lysosomes release the cholesterol, which is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a repeat LDL-receptor class B 5 (size 42) in uniprot entity LDLR_HUMAN there are 63 pathogenic changes around while only 7 benign (90%) in NM_000527.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr19-11116976-C-G is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.995
• PP5: Variant 19-11116976-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-11116976-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 252051.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr19-11116976-C-T is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
LDLR	NM_000527.5	c.1823C>T	p.Pro608Leu	missense_variant	12/18	ENST00000558518.6	NP_000518.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
LDLR	ENST00000558518.6	c.1823C>T	p.Pro608Leu	missense_variant	12/18	1	NM_000527.5	ENSP00000454071.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 34

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1 Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	research	Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Diagnostiek Experimentele Vasculaire Geneeskunde, Academisch Medisch Centrum	-	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	literature only	LDLR-LOVD, British Heart Foundation	Mar 25, 2016	- -

Familial hypercholesterolemia Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 14, 2023	This sequence change replaces proline, which is neutral and non-polar, with leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 608 of the LDLR protein (p.Pro608Leu). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. This variant disrupts the p.Pro608 amino acid residue in LDLR. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been observed in individuals with LDLR-related conditions (PMID: 9544745, 9852677), which suggests that this may be a clinically significant amino acid residue. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt LDLR protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 252051). This variant is also known as p.P587L. This missense change has been observed in individuals with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 11313767, 11851376, 16250003, 23054246; Invitae). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Nov 26, 2021	This missense variant replaces proline with leucine at codon 608 in the LDLR type B repeat 5 (aa 572-615) in the EGF precursor homology domain of the LDLR protein. This variant is also known as p.Pro587Leu in the mature protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may have deleterious impact on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold >= 0.7, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been reported in multiple heterozygous individuals affected with familial hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 11313767, 11851376, 16250003, 18700895, 19318025, 19837725). This variant has also been observed in the compound heterozygous state with a pathogenic truncation in the LDLR gene in a 22-year old individual affected with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (Revaiah et al, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jccase.2021.05.011). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Other missense variants occurring at the same position have been described in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia: p.Pro608Ser (ClinVar variation ID: 252049), p.Pro608Thr (ClinVar variation ID: 252048), p.Pro608Arg (ClinVar variation ID: 252050). Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Likely Pathogenic. -

Cardiovascular phenotype Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Mar 27, 2024

The c.1823C>T (p.P608L) alteration is located in exon 12 (coding exon 12) of the LDLR gene. This alteration results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 1823, causing the proline (P) at amino acid position 608 to be replaced by a leucine (L). This variant was not reported in population-based cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This variant was reported in multiple individuals who met clinical criteria for or with features consistent with familial hypercholesterolemia(Heath, 1999; Van Gaal, 2001; Fouchier, 2005; Alonso, 2009; Futema, 2012). In addition, this variant was identified in conjunction with another LDLR variant in an individual with xanthomas, corneal arcus, and an abnormal lipid profile; however, the phase of the two variants is unknown (Revaiah, 2022). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. This alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Based on the available evidence, this alteration is classified as likely pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.94
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.55	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.56
CADD	Pathogenic	27
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.93	D;.;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.76
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.70
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.89	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.0	M;.;.;.;.;M
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.49	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-9.9	D;D;D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.95
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.90
MutPred		0.96		Loss of disorder (P = 0.0849);Loss of disorder (P = 0.0849);.;.;.;Loss of disorder (P = 0.0849);
MVP		1.0
MPC		0.82
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.5
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.97
gMVP		1.0

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs879255035; hg19: chr19-11227652;