chr19-11120475-G-C

Position:

• chr19-11120475-G-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 10 ACMG points: 10P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong

The ENST00000558518.6(LDLR):​c.2093G>C​(p.Cys698Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. C698W) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: LDLR ENST00000558518.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.99

Genes affected

LDLR (HGNC:6547): (low density lipoprotein receptor) The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. The encoded protein is normally bound at the cell membrane, where it binds low density lipoprotein/cholesterol and is taken into the cell. Lysosomes release the cholesterol, which is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 10 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 7 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 10 uncertain in ENST00000558518.6
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr19-11120475-G-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 252216.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.995

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
LDLR	NM_000527.5	c.2093G>C	p.Cys698Ser	missense_variant	14/18	ENST00000558518.6	NP_000518.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
LDLR	ENST00000558518.6	c.2093G>C	p.Cys698Ser	missense_variant	14/18	1	NM_000527.5	ENSP00000454071	P3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 35

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

Familial hypercholesterolemia Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Feb 22, 2021	This variant disrupts the p.Cys698 amino acid residue in LDLR. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been observed in individuals with LDLR-related conditions (PMID: 16389549, 23130880, 29353225), which suggests that this may be a clinically significant amino acid residue. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Align-GVGD) all suggest that this variant is likely to be disruptive, but these predictions have not been confirmed by published functional studies and their clinical significance is uncertain. This variant has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of familial hypercholesterolemia (Invitae). This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency). This sequence change replaces cysteine with serine at codon 698 of the LDLR protein (p.Cys698Ser). The cysteine residue is highly conserved and there is a moderate physicochemical difference between cysteine and serine. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. This variant affects a cysteine residue located within an LDLRA or epidermal-growth-factor (EGF)-like domains of the LDLR protein. Cysteine residues in these domains have been shown to be involved in the formation of disulfide bridges, which are critical for protein structure and stability (PMID: 7548065, 7603991, 7979249). In addition, missense substitutions within the LDLRA and EGF-like domains affecting cysteine residues are overrepresented among patients with hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 18325082). -
Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham	May 02, 2023	This variant disrupts the p.Cys698 amino acid residue in LDLR. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been observed in individuals with LDLR-related conditions. Cysteine residues in these domains have been shown to be involved in the formation of disulfide bridges, which are critical for protein structure and stability -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.58	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.60
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.97
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.81
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	1.0	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.94	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.8	H;.;.;.;H
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.58	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-9.1	D;D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.90
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0010	D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.99
MutPred		0.89		Gain of disorder (P = 0.0159);Gain of disorder (P = 0.0159);.;.;Gain of disorder (P = 0.0159);
MVP		1.0
MPC		0.88
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.3
Varity_R		1.0
gMVP		0.99

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

No publications associated with this variant yet.

Other links and lift over

hg19: chr19-11231151;