chr19-13230185-T-G

Variant names:

• chr19-13230185-T-G
• rs121908214
• NM_001127222.2:c.5425A>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 15 ACMG points: 15P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP2 PP3_Moderate PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001127222.2(CACNA1A):​c.5425A>C​(p.Ile1809Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
• Consequence: CACNA1A NM_001127222.2 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3 O:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.93

Genes affected

CACNA1A (HGNC:1388): (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A) Voltage-dependent calcium channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells, and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. Calcium channels are multisubunit complexes composed of alpha-1, beta, alpha-2/delta, and gamma subunits. The channel activity is directed by the pore-forming alpha-1 subunit, whereas, the others act as auxiliary subunits regulating this activity. The distinctive properties of the calcium channel types are related primarily to the expression of a variety of alpha-1 isoforms, alpha-1A, B, C, D, E, and S. This gene encodes the alpha-1A subunit, which is predominantly expressed in neuronal tissue. Mutations in this gene are associated with 2 neurologic disorders, familial hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia 2. This gene also exhibits polymorphic variation due to (CAG)n-repeats. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. In one set of transcript variants, the (CAG)n-repeats occur in the 3' UTR, and are not associated with any disease. But in another set of variants, an insertion extends the coding region to include the (CAG)n-repeats which encode a polyglutamine tract. Expansion of the (CAG)n-repeats from the normal 4-18 to 21-33 in the coding region is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 15 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a repeat IV (size 263) in uniprot entity CAC1A_HUMAN there are 14 pathogenic changes around while only 1 benign (93%) in NM_001127222.2
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in the CACNA1A gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 137 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 132 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 5.7845 (above the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.9354 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 42, undetermined early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, episodic ataxia type 2, familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine, spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, migraine, familial hemiplegic, 1.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.903
• PP5: Variant 19-13230185-T-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-13230185-T-G is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 8490.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr19-13230185-T-G is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CACNA1A	NM_001127222.2	c.5425A>C	p.Ile1809Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 47	ENST00000360228.11	NP_001120694.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CACNA1A	ENST00000360228.11	c.5425A>C	p.Ile1809Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 47	1	NM_001127222.2	ENSP00000353362.5
CACNA1A	ENST00000638029.1	c.5443A>C	p.Ile1815Leu	missense_variant	Exon 37 of 48	5		ENSP00000489829.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000573710.7	c.5431A>C	p.Ile1811Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 47	5		ENSP00000460092.3
CACNA1A	ENST00000635727.1	c.5428A>C	p.Ile1810Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 47	5		ENSP00000490001.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000637769.1	c.5428A>C	p.Ile1810Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 47	1		ENSP00000489778.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000636012.1	c.5428A>C	p.Ile1810Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 46	5		ENSP00000490223.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000637736.1	c.5287A>C	p.Ile1763Leu	missense_variant	Exon 35 of 46	5		ENSP00000489861.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000636389.1	c.5428A>C	p.Ile1810Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 47	5		ENSP00000489992.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000637432.1	c.5443A>C	p.Ile1815Leu	missense_variant	Exon 37 of 48	5		ENSP00000490617.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000636549.1	c.5434A>C	p.Ile1812Leu	missense_variant	Exon 37 of 48	5		ENSP00000490578.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000637927.1	c.5431A>C	p.Ile1811Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 47	5		ENSP00000489715.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000635895.1	c.5428A>C	p.Ile1810Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 47	5		ENSP00000490323.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000638009.2	c.5428A>C	p.Ile1810Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 47	1		ENSP00000489913.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000637276.1	c.5428A>C	p.Ile1810Leu	missense_variant	Exon 36 of 46	5		ENSP00000489777.1
CACNA1A	ENST00000636768.1	n.52A>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 2 of 10	5		ENSP00000490190.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 30

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 31

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3 Other:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Migraine, familial hemiplegic, 1 Pathogenic:1 Other:1

-

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Nov 01, 1996

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Episodic ataxia type 2;C4310716:Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 42 Pathogenic:1

Jun 06, 2020

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. This variant has been reported to affect CACNA1A protein function (PMID: 10024348, 9488686, 12235360). This variant has been observed in individual(s) with familial hemiplegic migraine (PMID: 8898206). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 8490). This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency). This sequence change replaces isoleucine with leucine at codon 1810 of the CACNA1A protein (p.Ile1810Leu). The isoleucine residue is highly conserved and there is a small physicochemical difference between isoleucine and leucine. -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Oct 10, 2023

Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Mayo Clinic

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

PP1_strong, PP2, PP3, PM2_moderate, PS3, PS4_moderate -

Familial hemiplegic migraine Other:1

-

GeneReviews

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

Hemiplegic attacks plus ataxia -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.81
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.51	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.50
CADD	Pathogenic	29
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.089	.;.;T;.;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;T;.;.;.;T;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.74
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.66
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;.;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.69	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.90	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.9	.;.;.;.;M;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;M;.;.;.
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.93	D
PROVEAN	Benign	-2.0	.;N;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.94
Sift	Uncertain	0.0020	.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;.;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.82
MutPred		0.68		.;.;Loss of catalytic residue at D1812 (P = 0.2729);Loss of catalytic residue at D1812 (P = 0.2729);Loss of catalytic residue at D1812 (P = 0.2729);.;.;Loss of catalytic residue at D1812 (P = 0.2729);.;.;.;Loss of catalytic residue at D1812 (P = 0.2729);Loss of catalytic residue at D1812 (P = 0.2729);.;Loss of catalytic residue at D1812 (P = 0.2729);.;.;.;
MVP		0.98
MPC		1.3
ClinPred		0.92	D
GERP RS		4.3
Varity_R		0.60
gMVP		0.96

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs121908214; hg19: chr19-13340999;