chr2-170818625-T-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points: 3P and 2B. PM2PP2BP4_Moderate

The NM_000817.3(GAD1):​c.34T>A​(p.Ser12Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000363 in 1,461,890 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. S12C) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
Exomes 𝑓: 0.000036 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GAD1
NM_000817.3 missense

Scores

1
18

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 2.30
Variant links:
Genes affected
GAD1 (HGNC:4092): (glutamate decarboxylase 1) This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantigen and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Deficiency in this enzyme has been shown to lead to pyridoxine dependency with seizures. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two products, the predominant 67-kD form and a less-frequent 25-kD form. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points.

PM2
Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;
PP2
Missense variant in gene, where missense usually causes diseases (based on misZ statistic), GAD1. . Gene score misZ 2.3151 (greater than the threshold 3.09). Trascript score misZ 3.7409 (greater than threshold 3.09). GenCC has associacion of gene with cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 1, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 89, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy, neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities.
BP4
Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.09773141).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene Transcript HGVSc HGVSp Effect #exon/exons MANE UniProt
GAD1NM_000817.3 linkuse as main transcriptc.34T>A p.Ser12Thr missense_variant 2/17 ENST00000358196.8

Ensembl

Gene Transcript HGVSc HGVSp Effect #exon/exons TSL MANE Appris UniProt
GAD1ENST00000358196.8 linkuse as main transcriptc.34T>A p.Ser12Thr missense_variant 2/171 NM_000817.3 P1Q99259-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes
Cov.:
31
GnomAD3 exomes
AF:
0.0000438
AC:
11
AN:
251288
Hom.:
0
AF XY:
0.0000294
AC XY:
4
AN XY:
135848
show subpopulations
Gnomad AFR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad AMR exome
AF:
0.0000289
Gnomad ASJ exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad EAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad SAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad FIN exome
AF:
0.0000462
Gnomad NFE exome
AF:
0.0000792
Gnomad OTH exome
AF:
0.00
GnomAD4 exome
AF:
0.0000363
AC:
53
AN:
1461890
Hom.:
0
Cov.:
31
AF XY:
0.0000344
AC XY:
25
AN XY:
727246
show subpopulations
Gnomad4 AFR exome
AF:
0.0000299
Gnomad4 AMR exome
AF:
0.0000224
Gnomad4 ASJ exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 EAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 SAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 FIN exome
AF:
0.0000374
Gnomad4 NFE exome
AF:
0.0000432
Gnomad4 OTH exome
AF:
0.0000166
GnomAD4 genome
Cov.:
31
Alfa
AF:
0.0000282
Hom.:
0
ESP6500AA
AF:
0.00
AC:
0
ESP6500EA
AF:
0.000116
AC:
1
ExAC
AF:
0.0000247
AC:
3
EpiCase
AF:
0.0000545
EpiControl
AF:
0.000119

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance
Submissions summary: Uncertain:1
Revision: criteria provided, single submitter
LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities Uncertain:1
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingInvitaeJul 16, 2018This sequence change replaces serine with threonine at codon 12 of the GAD1 protein (p.Ser12Thr). The serine residue is highly conserved and there is a small physicochemical difference between serine and threonine. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function are either unavailable or do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change (SIFT: "Deleterious"; PolyPhen-2: "Benign"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0"). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals with GAD1-related disease. This variant is present in population databases (rs149074954, ExAC 0.005%). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
AlphaMissense
Benign
0.071
BayesDel_addAF
Benign
-0.19
T
BayesDel_noAF
Benign
-0.32
CADD
Benign
19
DANN
Benign
0.97
DEOGEN2
Benign
0.23
.;.;.;T;.;.;.;.
Eigen
Benign
-0.40
Eigen_PC
Benign
-0.25
FATHMM_MKL
Benign
0.74
D
LIST_S2
Benign
0.67
T;T;T;T;T;.;T;T
M_CAP
Benign
0.066
D
MetaRNN
Benign
0.098
T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM
Benign
-0.73
T
MutationAssessor
Benign
0.69
.;.;N;N;N;N;.;.
MutationTaster
Benign
0.87
N;N;N
PrimateAI
Benign
0.46
T
PROVEAN
Benign
-1.2
N;N;.;N;N;N;N;N
REVEL
Benign
0.094
Sift
Benign
0.40
T;T;.;T;T;T;T;T
Sift4G
Pathogenic
0.0
D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen
0.0
.;.;.;B;B;B;.;.
Vest4
0.32, 0.29, 0.23, 0.23
MVP
0.65
MPC
0.53
ClinPred
0.080
T
GERP RS
2.0
Varity_R
0.063
gMVP
0.36

Splicing

Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)
0.0
Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs149074954; hg19: chr2-171675135; API