chr2-178573305-G-GT

Position:

• chr2-178573305-G-GT

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001267550.2(TTN):​c.72826dupA​(p.Thr24276fs) variant causes a frameshift change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
  • Failed GnomAD Quality Control
• Consequence: TTN NM_001267550.2 frameshift
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.02

Genes affected

TTN (HGNC:12403): (titin) This gene encodes a large abundant protein of striated muscle. The product of this gene is divided into two regions, a N-terminal I-band and a C-terminal A-band. The I-band, which is the elastic part of the molecule, contains two regions of tandem immunoglobulin domains on either side of a PEVK region that is rich in proline, glutamate, valine and lysine. The A-band, which is thought to act as a protein-ruler, contains a mixture of immunoglobulin and fibronectin repeats, and possesses kinase activity. An N-terminal Z-disc region and a C-terminal M-line region bind to the Z-line and M-line of the sarcomere, respectively, so that a single titin molecule spans half the length of a sarcomere. Titin also contains binding sites for muscle associated proteins so it serves as an adhesion template for the assembly of contractile machinery in muscle cells. It has also been identified as a structural protein for chromosomes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Considerable variability exists in the I-band, the M-line and the Z-disc regions of titin. Variability in the I-band region contributes to the differences in elasticity of different titin isoforms and, therefore, to the differences in elasticity of different muscle types. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9, and autoantibodies to titin are produced in patients with the autoimmune disease scleroderma. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

TTN-AS1 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 2-178573305-G-GT is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr2-178573305-G-GT is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 466656.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TTN	NM_001267550.2	c.72826dupA	p.Thr24276fs	frameshift_variant	326/363	ENST00000589042.5	NP_001254479.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TTN	ENST00000589042.5	c.72826dupA	p.Thr24276fs	frameshift_variant	326/363	5	NM_001267550.2	ENSP00000467141.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AS_VQSR AF: 0.00000140 AC: 2 AN: 1425460 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 38 AF XY: 0.00000142 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 705042

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000183

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.0000712 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000264

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

TTN-related disorder Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Nov 07, 2022

The TTN c.72826dupA variant is predicted to result in a frameshift and premature protein termination (p.Thr24276Asnfs*4). This variant was reported in a large cohort study of women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (Supp. Table 2 in Goli. 2021. PubMed ID: 33874732). This variant was also reported in a large cohort study on cardiometabolic disease and was reported in one case of atrial fibrillation (Supp. Table 6, Jurgens. 2022. PubMed ID: 35177841). Many other truncating variants in this exon have been reported in individuals with cardiomyopathy (https://www.cardiodb.org/titin/titin_exon.php?id=327, Roberts AM et al 2015. PubMed ID: 25589632). The c.72826dupA variant is located in the A-band region of the TTN protein and several other truncating variants in this exon have previously been reported to be pathogenic for recessive and dominant TTN-related disorders including dilated cardiomyopathy, centronuclear myopathy, and muscular dystrophy (Human Gene Mutation Database; www.cardiodb.org/titin/titin_exon.php?id=327). RNAseq studies from heart tissue indicate this exon is commonly included in TTN mRNA transcripts (PSI of 100%); however, this analysis in muscle tissue was not performed (Roberts A.M. et al. 2015. PMID: 25589632; www.cardiodb.org/titin/titin_exon.php?id=327). TTN truncating variants are reported in 1-2% of presumably healthy individuals and occur more frequently in exons with low PSI values, indicating this variant is more likely to be disease causing (Roberts A.M. et al. 2015. PMID: 25589632; Herman D.S. et al. 2012. PMID: 22335739). The c.72826dupA variant has not been reported in a large population database (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org), indicating this variant is rare. In summary, the c.72826dupA variant is categorized as likely pathogenic for TTN-related disorders. -

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J;C1858763:Dilated cardiomyopathy 1G Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Dec 27, 2023

This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Thr24276Asnfs*4) in the TTN gene. While this is not anticipated to result in nonsense mediated decay, it is expected to create a truncated TTN protein. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PMID: 33874732; Invitae). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 466656). This variant is located in the A band of TTN (PMID: 25589632). Truncating variants in this region are significantly overrepresented in patients affected with dilated cardiomyopathy (PMID: 25589632). Truncating variants in this region have also been reported in individuals affected with autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy (PMID: 23975875). In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

May 10, 2024

Located in the A-band region of TTN in which the majority of loss of function variants have been associated with autosomal dominant titinopathies (PMID: 22335739); Frameshift variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss-of-function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 35177841, 22335739, 33874732) -

Cardiovascular phenotype Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

May 06, 2022

The c.45631dupA pathogenic mutation, located in coding exon 153 of the TTN gene, results from a duplication of A at nucleotide position 45631, causing a translational frameshift with a predicted alternate stop codon (p.T15211Nfs*4). This exon is located in the A-band region of the N2-B isoform of the titin protein and is constitutively expressed in TTN transcripts (percent spliced in or PSI 100%). This variant (also referred to as c.72826dupA, p.Thr24276Asnfs*4) has been detected in individuals reported to have peripartum cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy (Goli R et al. Circulation. 2021 05;143(19):1852-1862; Ambry internal data). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. While truncating variants in TTN are present in 1-3% of the general population, truncating variants in the A-band are the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (Herman DS et al. N. Engl. J. Med., 2012 Feb;366:619-28; Roberts AM et al. Sci Transl Med, 2015 Jan;7:270ra6). TTN truncating variants encoded in constitutive exons (PSI >90%) have been found to be significantly associated with DCM regardless of their position in titin (Schafer S et al. Nat. Genet., 2017 01;49:46-53). Based on the supporting evidence, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs971618751; hg19: chr2-179438032;