chr2-178689812-C-T

Variant names:

• chr2-178689812-C-T
• rs794727043
• NM_001267550.2:c.31846+1G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 5 ACMG points: 5P and 0B. PVS1_Moderate PM2 PP5

The NM_001267550.2(TTN):​c.31846+1G>A variant causes a splice donor, intron change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: TTN NM_001267550.2 splice_donor, intron
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 1.000
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:2 U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.63
• Publications: 3 publications found

Genes affected

TTN (HGNC:12403): (titin) This gene encodes a large abundant protein of striated muscle. The product of this gene is divided into two regions, a N-terminal I-band and a C-terminal A-band. The I-band, which is the elastic part of the molecule, contains two regions of tandem immunoglobulin domains on either side of a PEVK region that is rich in proline, glutamate, valine and lysine. The A-band, which is thought to act as a protein-ruler, contains a mixture of immunoglobulin and fibronectin repeats, and possesses kinase activity. An N-terminal Z-disc region and a C-terminal M-line region bind to the Z-line and M-line of the sarcomere, respectively, so that a single titin molecule spans half the length of a sarcomere. Titin also contains binding sites for muscle associated proteins so it serves as an adhesion template for the assembly of contractile machinery in muscle cells. It has also been identified as a structural protein for chromosomes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Considerable variability exists in the I-band, the M-line and the Z-disc regions of titin. Variability in the I-band region contributes to the differences in elasticity of different titin isoforms and, therefore, to the differences in elasticity of different muscle types. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9, and autoantibodies to titin are produced in patients with the autoimmune disease scleroderma. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

LOC124907912 (HGNC:):

TTN-AS1 (HGNC:44124): (TTN antisense RNA 1) This gene encodes a non-coding RNA transcribed from the opposite strand to the titin gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 5 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, product NOT destroyed by NMD, known LOF gene, truncates exone, which is 7.779506E-4 fraction of the gene. No cryptic splice site detected. Exon removal is inframe change.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 2-178689812-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr2-178689812-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 193963.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submission is: [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TTN	NM_001267550.2	c.31846+1G>A		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant	Intron 122 of 362	ENST00000589042.5	NP_001254479.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TTN	ENST00000589042.5	c.31846+1G>A		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant	Intron 122 of 362	5	NM_001267550.2	ENSP00000467141.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2 Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:2

May 13, 2025

GeneDx

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Canonical splice site variant in a region of a gene for which loss of function is not a well-established mechanism of disease; Reported in the heterozygous state in an adolescent who experienced ventricular fibrillation arrest during exercise; this patient had a normal echo (PMID: 38050027); Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25589632, 23975875, 26701604, 22335739, 33226272, 30827497, 37393749, 38050027) -

Apr 11, 2016

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jan 17, 2017

Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: provider interpretation

- -

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J;C1858763:Dilated cardiomyopathy 1G Pathogenic:1

Oct 18, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change affects a donor splice site in intron 122 of the TTN gene. It is expected to disrupt RNA splicing and likely results in a truncated or disrupted TTN protein. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individuals with autosomal recessive congenital myopathy (PMID: 30827497, 37393749). This variant is also known as c.28114+1G>A. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 193963). Studies have shown that disruption of this splice site is associated with inconclusive levels of altered splicing (PMID: 30827497). This variant is located in the I band of TTN (PMID: 25589632). Truncating variants in this region have been reported in individuals affected with autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy (PMID: 23975875, internal data). Truncating variants in this region have also been identified in individuals affected with autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy and/or cardio-related conditions (PMID: 27869827, 32964742, internal data). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J Uncertain:1

Sep 27, 2022

Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.41	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.35
CADD	Pathogenic	34
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.0
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.87
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.93	D
PhyloP100		3.6
GERP RS		5.5
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	0.94
SpliceAI score (max)		0.99		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_DG_spliceai		0.77		Position offset: -16
DS_DL_spliceai		0.99		Position offset: 1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs794727043; hg19: chr2-179554539;