chr2-238848306-C-G

Variant names:

• chr2-238848306-C-G
• NM_001271893.4:c.91C>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 2 ACMG points: 3P and 1B. PM2 PP2 BP4

The NM_001271893.4(TWIST2):​c.91C>G​(p.Arg31Gly) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: TWIST2 NM_001271893.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.34
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

TWIST2 (HGNC:20670): (twist family bHLH transcription factor 2) The protein encoded by this gene is a basic helix-loop-helix type transcription factor and shares similarity with Twist. This protein may inhibit osteoblast maturation and maintain cells in a preosteoblast phenotype during osteoblast development. This gene may be upregulated in certain cancers. Mutations in this gene cause focal facial dermal dysplasia 3, Setleis type. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

TWIST2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• ablepharon macrostomia syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet
• Barber-Say syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet
• focal facial dermal dysplasia type III

  Inheritance: AR, AD Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 3 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 0 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 2.1324 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 0.22546 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to ablepharon macrostomia syndrome, focal facial dermal dysplasia type III, Barber-Say syndrome.
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.35597008).

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_001271893.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	TWIST2	NM_001271893.4	MANE Select	c.91C>G	p.Arg31Gly	missense	Exon 1 of 2	NP_001258822.1	Q8WVJ9
	TWIST2	NM_057179.3		c.91C>G	p.Arg31Gly	missense	Exon 1 of 2	NP_476527.1	Q8WVJ9

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	TWIST2	ENST00000612363.2	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.91C>G	p.Arg31Gly	missense	Exon 1 of 2	ENSP00000482581.1	Q8WVJ9
	TWIST2	ENST00000448943.2	TSL:1	c.91C>G	p.Arg31Gly	missense	Exon 1 of 2	ENSP00000405176.2	Q8WVJ9
	TWIST2	ENST00000710607.1		c.91C>G	p.Arg31Gly	missense	Exon 1 of 2	ENSP00000518373.1	Q8WVJ9

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Uncertain significance

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
-	1	-	Inborn genetic diseases (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.44
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.17	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.0
CADD	Uncertain	23
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.46	T
Eigen	Uncertain	0.20
Eigen_PC	Benign	0.20
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.73	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.92	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.49	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.36	T
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.84	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.9	M
PhyloP100		2.3
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.86	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-2.6	D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.60
Sift	Benign	0.091	T
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0070	D
Polyphen		0.70	P
Vest4		0.20
MutPred		0.24		Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0736)
MVP		0.99
MPC		2.0
ClinPred		0.93	D
GERP RS		2.8
PromoterAI		-0.18	Neutral
Varity_R		0.22
gMVP		0.90
Mutation Taster		=70/30	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

hg19: chr2-239756947;