chr2-31375379-C-T

Position:

chr2-31375379-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1PM2PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000379.4(XDH):c.1602+1G>A variant causes a splice donor, intron change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000359 in 1,614,074 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000039 ( 0 hom., cov: 31)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000036 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

XDH
NM_000379.4 splice_donor, intron

Scores

Splicing: ADA: 0.9999

Clinical Significance

Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2

Conservation

PhyloP100: 5.37

Variant links:

Genes affected

XDH (HGNC:12805): (xanthine dehydrogenase) Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria, may contribute to adult respiratory stress syndrome, and may potentiate influenza infection through an oxygen metabolite-dependent mechanism. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

XDH links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

PVS1

Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, LoF is a know mechanism of disease, No cryptic splice site detected. Exon removal results in frameshift change.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP5

Variant 2-31375379-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr2-31375379-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 566280.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	Effect	MANE	Protein	UniProt
XDH	NM_000379.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.1602+1G>A	splice_donor_variant, intron_variant	ENST00000379416.4	NP_000370.2	P47989
XDH	XM_011533095.3 linkuse as main transcript	c.1602+1G>A	splice_donor_variant, intron_variant		XP_011531397.1
XDH	XM_011533096.3 linkuse as main transcript	c.1602+1G>A	splice_donor_variant, intron_variant		XP_011531398.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
XDH	ENST00000379416.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.1602+1G>A		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant		1	NM_000379.4	ENSP00000368727.3		P47989

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000394

AC:

AN:

152186

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000241

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000735

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000278

AC:

AN:

251450

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000221

AC XY:

AN XY:

135898

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0000615

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000528

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000356

AC:

AN:

1461888

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000399

AC XY:

AN XY:

727246

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.0000896

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000441

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000394

AC:

AN:

152186

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74328

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.0000241

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000735

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.000210

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000227

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000116

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000330

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary xanthinuria type 1

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Mar 27, 2022

- -

Xanthinuria type II

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Nov 13, 2023

This sequence change affects a donor splice site in intron 15 of the XDH gene. It is expected to disrupt RNA splicing. Variants that disrupt the donor or acceptor splice site typically lead to a loss of protein function (PMID: 16199547), and loss-of-function variants in XDH are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 9153281). This variant is present in population databases (rs376882470, gnomAD 0.008%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with XDH-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 566280). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.50

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.21

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Uncertain

0.99

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.99

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.79

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

GERP RS

5.3

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

dbscSNV1_ADA

Pathogenic

1.0

dbscSNV1_RF

Pathogenic

0.93

SpliceAI score (max)

0.99

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

DS_DL_spliceai

0.99

Position offset: 1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over